I encourage you to not just take my word for it, but to investigate it for yourself. Yes, the page loads, but the section "Two_models_for_magnets:_magnetic_poles_and_atomic_currents" isn't there (anymore). You are effectively pointing to page 300 of a book with only 200 pages. True, but what's "internal" about then? And why did you refer to a field as an "effect"? No problem; glad I could help.
What confused me is this; According to this article there is a distinct difference between a ferro-magnet and an electro-magnet, both which may satisfy Maxwell's Equation, but one is a dynamic process (energy), whereas the other is a static field existing between two oppositely charged poles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet
No. ME's can't explain ferromagnetism. For that you need QM. Anyone interested in following an interesting and evidently unrealized (apart fro your's truly) subtle consequence of the classical/quantum interplay is welcome to view my inputs (as kev n), beginning with: https://www.youtube.com/_watch?v=1bXjB0zrjp0&lc=UgzoKZ0U39pUKoiw0Dx4AaABAg Then as a series of replies to poster Ken Behrendt (who went off more and more into a pseudoscientific far-reaching 'dissertation') here: https://www.youtube.com/_watch?v=1bXjB0zrjp0&lc=UgwLPiEH3n3n9waONkN4AaABAg (expand the 'View all 6 replies'). Note: direct pasting of URL's screws up in SF, so cut & paste above 'crippled' links into browser - then remove the underscore in each link! I did post on that matter way back here at SF, in more detail in certain respects. But won't link as the reactions were typically negative knee-jerk 'that's un-mainstream!!!' reactions.
The question was if situations involving ferromagnetism could be described by Maxwell's equations, which they can. You are right though that for a detailed explanation how ferromagnetism arises in the first place, quantum effects (especially spin) need to be taken into account.
So is ferromagnetism a retained memory of electric current? I read somewhere that ferro materials are more sensitive to electricity and somehow can retain faint electric influences on spin, aligning the spin in the same direction, which as I understand it is the remarkable attribute of a ferromagnet and creates the pnenomenon of oppositely charged poles. b) is a ferromagnetic field static or does it indicate a flow of something from one pole to the other?
It is aligned spins (and orbital motion) of unpaired electrons, which you get in some materials. A circulating electric charge generates a magnetic dipole, so if you get a lot of these lined up they add to each other and give rise to a magnet. As to why they do that in certain materials, that I think is a QM effect to do with the operation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle when the orbitals of adjacent atoms overlap. But it is not a "memory" of an electric current: in effect, a spinning or orbital electron is itself an electric current, on a tiny scale, because it is a moving electric charge.
What then keeps a ferromagnet magnetic? Is not the retention of same spin which creates magnetism? In the absence of an electric current, why does the spin of half the atoms not reverse and create a balance which cancels the magnetic abilities of ferromagnets as it does in EM magnets. Not all ferrometals are naturally magnetic, because they naturally have a balanced spin, half left, half right (no magnetism) Moreover, how can "tiny" (weak) electric charges keep the spin aligned through the entire magnet to produce such a relatively incredible attractive force?
Why not just study a scholarly article that explains it? e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnetism#Explanation
Well, if you continue reading that Wiki article, the very next section in fact.....Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!
OK. Thus it seems to be akin to a form of "memory", though it may be caused by physical constraints.?
Hmm... skimming through a selection, there are various less than really useful YT vids on ferromagnetism, but this one may help:
Wonderful. Thank you for that excellent link. I love the narrative and illustrations. Clear and simple, and has secondary leads to boot. Whole independent domains (magnetic fields) whithin a ferro object can expand or contract and be manipulated for practical purposes. Neat.
Guys, is it correct that we assume the electron to spin both ways CW & CCW at the same time until we measure it? Why do we see CW&CCW at the same time if we look at a magnet below the ferrocell? Any ideas? https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/8f/c8/e0/8fc8e0e2e76982dd67e4b4a2885f0a46.jpg
You have answered your own question: "until we measure it": looking at a magnet under a ferrocell counts as a measurement.
Ehm, but what I think you are missing is that if we are looking at it, so measureing it, there is still both spins visible, not only one as if we would measure the electron