I need someone who knows the math

i need to just go to college and start from day 1 maths and physics :/ this is all going over my head faster than c

 

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But this simple rate problem can resolve SR time dilation related paradoxes...

See, if quadruplets are there and three of them embark on a space journey from earth in three different direction at same speed and fourth one remains at Earth...then there is relative speed between any two travelling pairs, thus indicating different ageing....but with respect to Earth guy they all would age slowly but at the same rate. Thats paradox. This can be resolved by above analysis.

 

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Many fundamental particles, including electrons, require the interaction with Higgs in atomic structure (or outside of it) in order to derive inertia (what makes them "bound" in the first place), and since electrons also interact with photons (up to the cutoff I mentioned) all the time, it makes perfect since that the cutoff for photons in free space would be 250 GeV.

To the best of my knowledge, no one has before made such a rock solid prediction regarding a cutoff frequency for photons in free space.

This is not as easy a prediction to confirm as the wonky radium nucleus having a tetraquark or a pentaquark replacing a neutron of a proton respectively, but it makes sense.

 

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Well, at least you are getting it. The maths are great; get all you can. But remember, the maths are only as good at describing physical reality as the models they are built on.

 

That did not answer my question. Also you seem to have a meaning for "bound" not the same as when I say, for example: Even thought the first excited state electron is 10.2eV above the ground state of atomic hydrogen, it is still a bound electron, not a free electron.

Let me ask my question differently: Where did your 250GeV number come from, or did you just make it up?

 

That is only a paradox in your mind.

 

When a photon propagates in a vacuum, or when the bound energy that is matter 'moves' or 'transfers' energy in the context of a quantum field, nothing (pardon the pun) is moving in the sense of geometry or a coordinate system at all. Such propagation is limited not only by the rate at which the quantum field responds, but also at different rates for rotational vs linear modes of propagation. A simple example of these different rates can be seen in the rate of entangled electron spin flips in the shells of atoms. For all intents and purposes, it is instant. It also explains the origin and arrow of time itself. Nothing in a universe entirely composed of energy transfer events propagates any faster. The linear mode of propagation of a photon is likewise composed of infinitesimal rotations of the field also, you understand. This could only be accomplished by rotational mode excitation of the only quantum spin zero particle which is entangled everywhere. This explains both why +/- c is slower, and also why relativity stops considerably short of a complete description of a universe composed of energy transfer events. So does QM, until NOW.

Some here may also have recognized 250 GeV as the Vacuum Expectation Value (VeV), which I have not seen derived by multiplying the rest energy of the Higgs boson by a factor of two, to derive the combined energies of a pair of photons needed to produce an excitation of the Higgs field. I have seen the value I have given labeled as a value of the lowest Goldstone potential (rim of the Mexican hat), an element of electroweak unification.

None of this is really new. I'm just interpreting here for the lay audience. ALL of you.

It's the right color and shape, and I'm pretty sure, it's also from the right puzzle. You're very welcome. Space is simply light travel time in every direction. Thinking about any part of it as static geometry will get you nowhere other than relative to other energy transfer events, but the rate will be determined by the properties of the quantum field and the nature of the excitations in it. And after you have 'moved' or spun, your proper origin will be the same.

 

Actually, you are just confusing things. Maxwell understood EM propagation well, just did not know photons, quantized energy packets, existed.

When that was learned about 100 years ago, there was no need to speak of Higgs boson and fields, rotations, Goldstone potential, Mexican hat rims, etc.

When one speaks of an "expectation" you need to tell what is expected - who will win the election or what. What is expected in the 250 GeV as the Vacuum Expectation Value (VeV)? I get the distinct impression, you are not trying to help, but to "snow" me with things not needed you may or may not understand.

In case you have forgotten, my question was what is the cause of the 250GeV limit on gamma ray energies, if not the one I suggested I. e. Such high energy essentially immediately makes a charged particle pair, so can exist, if at all, only microseconds.

 

Materially wrong. The precise value of the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs doublet was known to high precision independently of the Higgs mass.
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/reviews/rpp2010-rev-higgs-boson.pdf (see section II)
http://pdg.lbl.gov/2015/reviews/rpp2015-rev-standard-model.pdf

This "v" parameter, critically, does not relate to the Higgs mass. (Note: The mu and lambda parameters appear with different definitions in different sources. Here lambda is the ratio of \(m_H\) to v.)

The quantity "v" which appears is \(\frac{1}{\sqrt[4]{2} \sqrt{\frac{G_F}{(\hbar c)^3}}} \approx 246.22 \, \textrm{GeV}\) and is physically relevant in the coupling between particles and the Higgs field: \(\frac{g m_i}{2 M_W} = \sqrt{\sqrt{2} \frac{G_F}{(\hbar c)^3}} m_i = \frac{m_i}{v}\).

So since the Fermi constant \(G_F\) has been well-known (since the 1930's) and well-measured (for decades) before the mass of the W boson or the Higgs boson was known, so was "v".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi's_interaction

 

A few things are missing from Maxwell's formulation of the propagation of an EM wave, and everyone knows this. If there are no moving electric charges in space, how does the wave continue propagating? How can a single photon create a spherical wavefront that diminishes as the inverse square of the distance between the source and the observer? How many photons were there to begin with, and how do they arrange so conveniently to subdivide themselves in that geometric ratio as a function of distance? If you think this is completely explained by diagrams of a single linearly polarized EM wave with mutually orthogonal time varying E, B fields, think again.

Time doesn't "stop" at the leading edge of that wavefront, because although energy is propagating, nothing is actually moving, other than energy excitations with respect to an inertialess isotopic field and other energy transfer events in it, including the rotational prpagation mode of fundamental particles and their associated energy transfer events. Or did you somehow think that the Higgs just dropped a load of inertia on an electron and never visited it ever again? These are continuous interactions with the Higgs field. Just the same as a linearly propagating photon, only way more energetic in terms of interactions with atomic structure than emitting or absorbing photons. The presence of E=mc^2 matter has huge effects on that field, and energy interactions taking place around it.

The rotational propagation piece explains the force hierarchy problem also.

All of the answers to what you have asked aren't yet here, BillyT, but quite a few of them are.

 

Fascinating stuff. And Nature originally rejected Fermi's paper on beta decay. Seems to be a pattern.

 

Deriving the wave equation from Maxwell's equations is very simple math. The EM field progagates in space. No charges, moving or not, needed there. If the photon energy is 1.02MeV it can make a pair of charges.

Why - that is correct on average but not for a small number of photons. They do not make an expanding spherical surface of light. Also getting a source that makes a spherical wave front even on average over a few million randomly emitted photons is tough it not impossible. I guess a ball of very hot carbon in a vacuum and falling freely in a very weak gravity field or orbiting earth many radii away would be very close to that briefly (while in earth's shaddow) with millions of IR photons leaving it and cooling it.

 

"If the photon energy is 1.02MeV it can make a pair of charges." A positron and an electron, yes, and at higher energies it can make a Higgs also, but after that point, higher energy photons (not bound energy projectiles) can only make multiple particles of lower energy. Because none of those lower energy particles can even possess inertia (EXIST) unless there is Higgs. Does this not make sense?

If that were true, how is it that we can see galaxies 12 billion light years from us, and that a spherical shell in any direction from those receding galaxies can still see view them at that distance?

A photon propagating in a linear trajectory is not a particle at all. There is no net charge or magnetic field we can detect in the vacuum before or after the excitation passes. We can detect the energy of the quantum foam under certain conditions, but as for what it is doing or composed of, this is beyond our current science, and the VeV still seems "off" by about 10^116, or 116 orders of magnitude.

 

A particles energy and/or momentum only has physical significance when it is defined in relation to some other particle. An massive isolated particle will behave as if momentum is zero and its energy is m*c^2 only its world line will be tilted towards the local forward null cone. A massless isolated particle will always have a energy equal c times its momentum but it will behave the same if it is a radio signal or a gamma ray.

If you see something like:
f(p) *Cos[(e*t+p*z)/hbar]
or god forbid:
f(p) *Exp[I*(e*t+p*z)/hbar]
They are useful mathematical abstractions (eigenstates), not descriptions of physically realizable states.
They exist through all space/time and are incapable of interacting with anything else.
Physically realizable states are the sum of an infinite number of eigenstates.

 

....tell me why as per SR there will not be any time dilation if there is relative speed between two clocks....A is moving in +x direction with respect to Earth, B is moving in -x direction with respect to Earth and C is moving in y direction with respect to Earth, all with same speed...Now tell why there will not be time dilation between any pair of A, B, C ?

 

Time dilation depends on the relative speed (a scalar) not the velocity (a vector). So from the point of view of Earth A, B and C all have the same time dilation. C will see A and B with the same time dilation Earth with another. A and B will everyone else with different time dilations.

 

High energy charged particle pair, some kind of rupture of vacum, the point is can Gravity create this rupture ?
We have Hawking Radiation, but thats at EH and which could be quite unlikely for a large BH, simply because the EH could be a comfortable place (insignificant tidals) for a large mass BH, but as we approach the singularity the gravitational field will surely encompass such energy levels, although we cannot see what goes on inside EH, but still theoretically there should be incessant fireworks down there...

 

In pure GR no, particles in this case follow geodesics (the equivalent of a straight line). If other particles/forces are present then possibly.

As to the cosmic ray cutoff:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin_limit

 

There will be time dilation. A, B and C will all see each other's clock as time dilated.

 

Thats nice.
But when they return to earth, they tally that they are all dilated by the same amount with respect to Earth, so all the three A, B, C must read the same time. so I am sure now you see the paradox.