Oldest crustal formation

Discussion in 'Earth Science' started by Vkothii, Sep 27, 2008.

  1. Xelios We're setting you adrift idiot Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    2,447
    Try harder.
     
  2. Google AdSense Guest Advertisement



    to hide all adverts.
  3. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890
    Does not address the point.
    Ignores the existence of cold dense zones in the mantle near subduction zones, as observed through seismoc tomography.
    The Asthenosphere near a spreading ridge is provably hot.
    The Asthenosphere near a trench is provably cold.
    Lateral convection happens.
    This quote also appears to make several false claims - for example, andesitic back arc vulcanism requires differential melting - something that is provided for in subduction.

    How long is a piece of string?
    Seriously though... How long does it take something moving at 15 cm/yr to move 300 km?

    Beats me.
    I imagine that's determined by, among other things, mantle physics.

    This is a false claim, based on a mis conception - clearly the pacific ocean has shrunk by over 20% as the Atlantic has opened.
    Having said that, there are two (obvious) possible futures at this point. The atlantic continues to expand until the pacific is closed off, or largely closed off, resulting in North West America merging with North East Asia.
    Or.
    The currently passive continental margins of the atlantic become active subduction zones (there is some evidence this may already be happening in the south atlantic) then, which ever closes comes down to which is spreading faster.

    Are you suggesting that the Mantle is Granitoid?
    Actually, you've got this completely around the wrong way.
    Continental crust has a high granite content, and is less dense than Oceanic crust, that's why it tends to sit higher.
    But tell me something, if the mantle is granitoid, then how does it produce an ultra mafic magma?

    You keep saying this, but it's wholy irrelevant.
    Are you denying the existence of Oceanic trenches?
    Are you denying the trend so clearly demonstrated in the data I have presented you?

    And for at least the Fourth time, spreading alone is insufficient. Especially not when earthquake data from spreading ridges reveals a different trend.

    I can promise you that the oceanic trench in question is NOT a spreading ridge.

    That's not what's been suggested here.
    This is a strawman, and an appeal to ignorance.
    What's the volume of a 20 km wide asteroid compared to the volume of the earth? Insignifcant.
    What's the mass of a 20 km wide asteroid compared to the earth? Insignifcant.
    How many 20 km wide asteroids have hit the earth in the last 620 million years? A handfull (it's an extinction event).


    "Runcorn [1964, 1966] showed how paleotidal and paleorotational data can be used to explore whether Earth’s moment of inertia has changed over geological time. Such analysis also can examine whether Earth’s radius has increased significantly with time, as required by the hypothesis of Earth expansion, because Earth’s moment of inertia would increase with secular increase in radius." George E Williams, 1999.

    "The late Neoproterozoic rhythmite data do not support significant change in Earth’s moment of inertia and radius over the past 620 Myr." - George E Williams, 1999.
     
  4. Google AdSense Guest Advertisement



    to hide all adverts.
  5. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890
    The same could be said of you.
    Given that you regularly resort to lying, abuse, quoting out of context, or quoting factually inaccurate articles written by questionable authors.
     
  6. Google AdSense Guest Advertisement



    to hide all adverts.
  7. OilIsMastery Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,288
    Clearly you don't understand seismology. I happen to know the best seismologist in the world, namely Stavros T. Tassos, at the National Observatory of Athens, and he clearly disagrees: http://aapg.confex.com/aapg/2007int/techprogram/A113674.htm

    Of course that's no surprise since you aren't a scientist.

    ROFL.

    What evidence? In the Quran?

    Granite is under the basalt...

    Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!

    Your geological ignorance is amusing.

    No. I deny they subduct.

    Yes. What you call data I call mythology.

    Why? How do you know the Earth isn't growing? Because you read it in the Quran?

    You don't understand earthquakes: http://www.cprm.gov.br/33IGC/1284030.html

    You say that as though your promises mean something to me.

    Ah I see. Meteorites have no mass. Very scientific.
     
  8. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890
    Oh good god.

    When i'm feeling more polite, I might reply to this in detail, but for now I have nothing more to say to a lying ignorant zealous religous fundamentalist, as demonstrated by the bolded portions.

    This post of OIM represents nothing more then a sreies of orchestrated lies and fallacies.

    I did not say that Meteorites have no mass, I said their mass was neglibile when compared to that of the earth.

    Average density of (solid) Granite: 2.69
    Average density of (solid) Basalt: 3.01

    http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm

    IN the area those previous maps were done, the Pacific plate is moving (approx) North West at 82 cm/yr, and the Indo-australian plate is moving (approx) north at 63 cm/yr.
    http://elainemeinelsupkis.typepad.c...2007/04/02/tectonic_plate_movements_earth.jpg

    Please Register or Log in to view the hidden image!

     
  9. geologyrocks Registered Senior Member

    Messages:
    66
    For the world's best seismologist, he doesn't have much of a publication record...I found one paper, using ScienceDirect, he has authored back in 1992. He's even last author on that paper.

    Where are the peer-reviewed papers if his ideas are so worthwhile? Just some food for thought...
     
  10. OilIsMastery Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,288
    Try using Google. It works wonders.

    Where are your peer reviewed papers? Where are Trippy's?

    If 50 million fundamentalists peer review a paper that says there is no continental drift, does that mean there is no continental drift?

    If the cardinal peers say the heavens are unchanging, does that discredit Galileo?
     
    Last edited: Sep 29, 2008
  11. Vkothii Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,674
    Now he's starting to babble incoherently.
     
  12. OilIsMastery Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,288
    That's one of the most mature, rational, well thought out, and thorough arguments I've seen for PT.
     
  13. Vkothii Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,674
    It's a better idea than asking a moron a question about geodynamics.

    Does anyone (who isn't a babbling moron) know how much matter the earth loses into space every year? Or what the amount that's added from space is?


    The figures would be estimates, natch.
    (Only a moron surely, could think we might track the amounts somehow.)
     
  14. OilIsMastery Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,288
    Last edited: Sep 29, 2008
  15. Vkothii Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,674
    Dum de dum
     
  16. superluminal I am MalcomR Valued Senior Member

    Messages:
    10,876
    I'm curious. How does someone develop such a deep and troubling psychosis involving such a relatively esoteric subject as PT?
     
  17. superluminal I am MalcomR Valued Senior Member

    Messages:
    10,876
    It's apparently anywhere from 1000 to 40000 tons per year. That's fairly precise, don't you think?
     
  18. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890
    right...so the evidence i've been spoonfeeding you isn't enough?

    You want references?

    Fine. Here's peer reviewed literature that deals with mantle convection:
    M. Gurnis, Nature, 332, 695 (1988).
    M. Gurnis, S. Zhong, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 581 (1991).
    M. Gurnis, S. Zhong, J. Toth, The history and dynamics of global plate motions, AGU, Geophysical Monograph 121, pp. 73, (2000)
    J. P. Lowman, G. T. Jarvis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 2087 (1993).
    J. P. Lowman, G. T. Jarvis, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 12,733 (1999).
    S. Zhong, M. Gurnis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 981 (1995)
    Anderson, D. L., Top-down tectonics, Science, 293, 2016 (2001).
    Anderson, D. L., A statistical test of the two reservoir model for helium, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 193, 77 (2001).
    Anderson, D. L., 2001, How many Plates?, Geology, 30, 411 (2002).
    Anderson, D. L. Plate Tectonics as a Far- From- Equilibrium Self-Organized System, in Plate Boundary Zones, ed. S. Stein, AGU Monograph, (2002).
    Cizkova, H., Cadek, O., van den Berg, A.P. and N.J. Vlaar, Can lower mantle slab-like seismic anomalies be explained by thermal coupling between the upper and lower mantles? Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1501-1504, 1999.

    Here's some more general references that relate to mantle convection:

    Agee, C. B. and Walker, D., Mass balance and phase density constraints on early differentiation of chondritic mantle, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 90, 144 (1988).
    Anderson, D. L., Theory of the Earth, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston, pp. 366 (1989). [Chapter 8 is relevant to irreversible stratification of mantle and low U in the lower mantle.]
    Anderson, D. L., Where on Earth is the Crust?, Physics Today, March 1989, 38-46. (1989).
    Clark, S. P., and Turekian, K. K., Thermal constraints on the distribution of long-lived radioactive elements in the Earth: Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., 291, 269-275 (1979).
    Coltice, N., and Ricard, Y., Geochemical observations and one layer mantle convection: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 174, 125-137 (1999).
    Conrad, C. P., and Hager, B. H., Mantle convection with strong subduction zones: Geophys. J. Int., 144, 271-288 (2001).
    Cordery, M. J., Davies, G. F., and Campbell, I. H., Genesis of flood basalts from eclogite-bearing mantle plumes: J. Geophys. Res., 102, 20,179-20,197 (1997).
    Cserepes, L., Yuen, D. A., and Schroeder, B. A., Effect of the mid-mantle viscosity and phase-transition structure of 3D mantle convection: Phys. Earth. Planet. Int., 118, 135-148 (2000)
    Davaille A., Simultaneous generation of hotspots and superswells by convection in a heterogeneous planetary mantle: Nature, 402, 756-760 (1999).
    Davies, G. F., Dynamic Earth: Plates, Plumes and Mantle Convection: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 458 pp. (2000).
    Gu, Y., A.M. Dziewonski, S. Weijia, and G. Ekstrom, Models of the mantle shear velocity and discontinuities in the pattern of lateral heterogeneities, J. geophys. Res., 106, 11,169-11,199 (2001).
    King, S. D., and Anderson, D. L., An alternative mechanism of flood basalt formation: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136, 269-279 (1995).
    Ritsema, J., H.J. van Heijst, and J.H. Woodhouse, Complex shear wave velocity structure imaged beneath Africa and Iceland, Science, 286, 1925-1928 (1999).
    Schubert, G., Turcotte, D., Olson, P., Mantle convection in the Earth and planets: C. U. Press, 956 pp. (2001).
    Scrivner, C. and Anderson, D. L., The effect of post Pangea subduction on global mantle tomography and convection: Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1053-1056 (1992).
    Tackley, P. J., Mantle convection and plate tectonics: Toward an integrated physical and chemical theory: Science, 288, 2002-2007 (2000).
    Tackley, P., Three dimensional simulations of mantle convection with a thermo-chemical basal boundary layer: in: M. Gurnis, M. et al., eds., The Core-Mantle Boundary Region, Washington, AGU, 334 pp. (1998).
    Turcotte, D.L. and G. Schubert, in Geodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 450 pp. (1982).
    Wen, L. and Anderson, D. L., Layered mantle convection: A model for geoid and topography: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 367-377 (1997).
    Wen, L. and Anderson, D. L., Slabs, hotspots, cratons and mantle convection revealed from residual seismic tomography in the upper mantle: Phys. Earth Planet. Int., 99, 131-143 (1997).
    http://jspc-www.colorado.edu/~szhong/mantle.html

    Here's a list of references that deal specifically with details that relate to why the earths moment of inertia hasn't changed substantially in the last 620 Ma (or more)

    Allen, J. R. L., Mud drapes in sand-wave deposits: A physical
    model with application to the Folkestone Beds (Early Cretaceous,
    southeast England), Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London,
    Ser. A, 306, 291–345, 1982.
    Allen, J. R. L., Salt-marsh growth and stratification: A numerical
    model with special reference to the Severn Estuary,
    southwest Britain, Mar. Geol., 95, 77–96, 1990.
    Barley, M. E., A. L. Pickard, and P. J. Sylvester, Emplacement
    of a large igneous province as a possible cause of banded
    iron formation 2.45 billion years ago, Nature, 385, 55–58,
    1997.
    Berry, A., A Short History of Astronomy, From Earliest Times
    Through the Nineteenth Century, John Murray, London,
    1898. (Also published by Dover, Mineola, N. Y., 1961).
    Berry, W. B., and R. M. Barker, Fossil bivalve shells indicate
    longer month and year in Cretaceous than present, Nature,
    217, 938–939, 1968.
    Boersma, J. R., and J. H. J. Terwindt, Neap-spring tide sequences
    of intertidal shoal deposits in a mesotidal estuary,
    Sedimentology, 28, 151–170, 1981.
    Boothroyd, J. C., Tidal inlets and tidal deltas, in Coastal
    Sedimentary Environments, edited by R. A. Davis, pp. 445–
    532, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1985.
    Brosche, P., Tidal friction in the Earth-Moon system, Philos.
    Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 313, 71–75, 1984.
    Brosche, P., and J. Wu¨nsch, The solar torque: A leak for the
    angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system, in Earth’s
    Rotation from Eons to Days, edited by P. Brosche and J.
    Su¨ndermann, pp. 141–145, Springer-Verlag, New York,
    1990.
    Carey, S. W., A tectonic approach to continental drift, in
    Continental Drift: A Symposium, edited by S. W. Carey, pp.
    177–355, Univ. of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia, 1958.
    Carey, S. W., The Expanding Earth, 488 pp., Elsevier Sci., New
    York, 1976.
    Chan, M. A., E. P. Kvale, A. W. Archer, and C. P. Sonett,
    Oldest direct evidence of lunar-solar tidal forcing in sedimentary
    rhythmites, Proterozoic Big Cottonwood Formation,
    central Utah, Geology, 22, 791–794, 1994.
    Chandler, J. F., R. D. Reasenberg, and I. I. Shapiro, New
    bound on G˙ , Bull. Am. Astron. Soc., 25, 1233, 1993.
    Cisne, J. L., A basin model for massive banded iron-formations
    and its geophysical applications, J. Geol., 92, 471–488, 1984.
    Creer, K. M., An expanding Earth?, Nature, 205, 539–544,
    1965.
    Crisp, D. J., Tidally deposited bands in shells of barnacles and
    molluscs, in Origin, Evolution, and Modern Aspects of Biomineralization
    in Plants and Animals, edited by R. E. Crick,
    pp. 103–124, Plenum, New York, 1989.
    Crossley, D. J., and R. K. Stevens, Expansion of the Earth due
    to a secular decrease in G: Evidence from Mercury, Can. J.
    Earth Sci., 13, 1723–1725, 1976.
    Dalrymple, R. W., Y. Makino, and B. A. Zaitlin, Temporal and
    spatial patterns of rhythmite deposition on mud flats in the
    macrotidal Cobequid Bay-Salmon River estuary, Bay of
    Fundy, Canada, Mem. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., 16, 137–160,
    1991.
    de Boer, P. L., A. P. Oost, and M. J. Visser, The diurnal
    38, 1 / REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS Williams: EARTH’S PRECAMBRIAN ROTATION c 57
    inequality of the tide as a parameter for recognizing tidal
    influences, J. Sediment. Petrol., 59, 912–921, 1989.
    Delaunay, M., Sur l’existence d’une cause nouvelle ayant une
    influence sensible sur la valeur de l’equation se´culaire de la
    Lune, C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., 61, 1023–1032, 1865.
    Deubner, F.-L., Discussion on Late Precambrian tidal rhythmites
    in South Australia and the history of the Earth’s
    rotation, J. Geol. Soc. London, 147, 1083–1084, 1990.
    Deynoux, M., P. Duringer, R. Khatib, and M. Villeneuve,
    Laterally and vertically accreted tidal deposits in the Upper
    Proterozoic Madina-Kouta Basin, southeastern Senegal,
    West Africa, Sediment. Geol., 84, 179–188, 1993.
    Dickey, J. O., et al., Lunar laser ranging: A continuing legacy
    of the Apollo program, Science, 265, 482–490, 1994.
    Egyed, L., The slow expansion hypothesis, in The Application of
    Modern Physics to the Earth and Planetary Interiors, edited
    by S. K. Runcorn, pp. 65–75, Wiley-Interscience, New York,
    1969.
    Eriksson, K. A., Tidal deposits from the Archaean Moodies
    Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, Sediment.
    Geol., 18, 257–281, 1977.
    Ewers, W. E., and R. C. Morris, Studies of the Dales Gorge
    Member of the Brockman Iron Formation, Western Australia,
    Econ. Geol., 76, 1929–1953, 1981.
    FitzGerald, D. M., and D. Nummedal, Response characteristics
    of an ebb-dominated tidal inlet channel, J. Sediment.
    Petrol., 53, 833–845, 1983.
    Fujioka, K., K. Kobayashi, K. Kato, M. Aoki, K. Mitsuzawa,
    M. Kinoshita, and A. Nishizawa, Tide-related variability of
    TAG hydrothermal activity observed by deep-sea monitoring
    system and OBSH, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 153, 239–250,
    1997.
    Goldreich, P., History of the lunar orbit, Rev. Geophys., 4,
    411–439, 1966.
    Hambrey, M. J., and W. B. Harland (Eds.), Earth’s Pre-Pleistocene
    Glacial Record, 1004 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press,
    New York, 1981.
    Hansen, K. S., Secular effects of oceanic tidal dissipation on
    the Moon’s orbit and the Earth’s rotation, Rev. Geophys.,
    20, 457–480, 1982.
    Hastie, W. (Ed.), Kant’s Cosmogony, As in his Essay on the
    Retardation of the Rotation of the Earth and his Natural
    History and Theory of the Heavens, translated from German
    by W. Hastie, 205 pp., Maclehose, Glasgow, Scotland, 1900.
    (Also published by Thoemmes Press, Bristol, England,
    1993.)
    Hellings, R. W., P. J. Adams, J. D. Anderson, M. S. Keesey,
    E. L. Lau, E. M. Standish, V. M. Canuto, and I. Goldman,
    Experimental test of the variability of G using Viking
    Lander ranging data, Phys. Rev. Lett., 51, 1609–1612, 1983.
    Hofmann, H. J., Stromatolites: Characteristics and utility,
    Earth Sci. Rev., 9, 339–373, 1973.
    Imperato, D. P., W. J. Sexton, and M. O. Hayes, Stratigraphy
    and sediment characteristics of a mesotidal ebb-tidal delta,
    North Edisto Inlet, South Carolina, J. Sediment. Petrol., 58,
    950–958, 1988.
    Isley, A. E., Hydrothermal plumes and the delivery of iron to
    banded iron formation, J. Geol., 103, 169–185, 1995.
    Kaye, C. A., and G. W. Stuckey, Nodal tidal cycle of 18.6 yr,
    Geology, 1, 141–144, 1973.
    Kinoshita, M., R. P. Von Herzen, O. Matsubayashi, and
    K. Fujioka, Tidally-driven effluent detected by long-term
    temperature monitoring at the TAG hydrothermal mound,
    Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 108, 143–154,
    1998.
    Komar, P. D., and D. B. Enfield, Short-term sea-level changes
    and coastal erosion, in Sea-Level Fluctuation and Coastal
    Evolution, edited by D. Nummedal, O. H. Pilkey, and J. D.
    Howard, Spec. Publ. SEPM Soc. Sediment. Geol., 41, 17–27,
    1987.
    Kuecher, G. J., B. G. Woodland, and F. M. Broadhurst, Evidence
    of deposition from individual tides and of tidal cycles
    from the Francis Creek Shale (host rocks to the Mazon
    Creek Biota), Westphalian D (Pennsylvanian), northeastern
    Illinois, Sediment. Geol., 68, 211–221, 1990.
    Kvale, E. P., J. Cutright, D. Bilodeau, A. Archer, H. R. Johnson,
    and B. Pickett, Analysis of modern tides and implications
    for ancient tidalites, Cont. Shelf Res., 15, 1921–1943,
    1995.
    Lambeck, K., The Earth’s Variable Rotation: Geophysical
    Causes and Consequences, 449 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press,
    New York, 1980.
    MacDonald, G. J. F., Tidal friction, Rev. Geophys., 2, 467–541,
    1964.
    Martino, R. L., and D. D. Sanderson, Fourier and autocorrelation
    analysis of estuarine tidal rhythmites, lower Breathitt
    Formation (Pennsylvanian), eastern Kentucky, USA, J. Sediment.
    Petrol., 63, 105–119, 1993.
    Mazzullo, S. J., Length of the year during the Silurian and
    Devonian Periods, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82, 1085–1086,
    1971.
    McElhinny, M. W., S. R. Taylor, and D. J. Stevenson, Limits to
    the expansion of the Earth, Moon, Mars and Mercury and
    to changes in the gravitational constant, Nature, 271, 316–
    321, 1978.
    McGugan, A., Possible use of algal stromatolite rhythms in
    geochronology, Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am., 115, 145, 1968.
    Mohr, R. E., Measured periodicities of the Biwabik (Precambrian)
    stromatolites and their geophysical significance, in
    Growth Rhythms and the History of the Earth’s Rotation,
    edited by G. D. Rosenberg and S. K. Runcorn, pp. 43–56,
    Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1975.
    Munk, W., Once again: Tidal friction, Q. J. R. Astron. Soc., 9,
    352–375, 1968.
    Munk, W. H., and G. J. F. MacDonald, The Rotation of the
    Earth, 323 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1960.
    Nio, S.-D., and C.-S. Yang, Diagnostic attributes of clastic tidal
    deposits: A review, in Clastic Tidal Sedimentology, edited by
    D. G. Smith et al., Mem. Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., 16, 3–27, 1991.
    Nishizawa, A., T. Sato, J. Kasahara, and K. Fujioka, Hydrothermal
    activity correlated with tides on the TAG mound,
    MAR, detected by ocean bottom hydrophone, Eos Trans.
    AGU, 76(46), Fall Meet. Suppl., F574, 1995.
    Oost, A. P., H. de Haas, F. IJnsen, J. M. van den Boogert, and
    P. L. de Boer, The 18.6 yr nodal cycle and its impact on tidal
    sedimentation, Sediment. Geol., 87, 1–11, 1993.

    zsoy, E., Ebb-tidal jets: A model of suspended sediment and
    mass transport at tidal inlets, Estuarine Coastal Shelf Sci.,
    22, 45–62, 1986.
    Pannella, G., Paleontological evidence on the Earth’s rotational
    history since early Precambrian, Astrophys. Space Sci.,
    16, 212–237, 1972a.
    Pannella, G., Precambrian stromatolites as paleontological
    clocks, Int. Geol. Congr. Rep. Sess., 24th, sect. 1, 50–57,
    1972b.
    Pariwono, J. I., J. A. T. Bye, and G. W. Lennon, Long-period
    variations of sea-level in Australasia, Geophys. J. R. Astron.
    Soc., 87, 43–54, 1986.
    Preiss, W. V. (Compiler), The Adelaide Geosyncline, S. Aust.
    Dep. Mines Energy Bull., 53, 438 pp., 1987.
    Reading, H. G. (Ed.), Sedimentary Environments and Facies,
    557 pp., Blackwell, Malden, Mass., 1978.
    Reineck, H.-E., and I. B. Singh, Depositional Sedimentary Environments,
    439 pp., Springer-Verlag, New York, 1973.
    Roep, Th. B., Neap-spring cycles in a subrecent tidal channel
    fill (3665 BP) at Schoorldam, NW Netherlands, Sediment.
    Geol., 71, 213–230, 1991.
    58 c Williams: EARTH’S PRECAMBRIAN ROTATION 38, 1 / REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
    Rosenberg, G. D., and S. K. Runcorn (Eds.), Growth Rhythms
    and the History of the Earth’s Rotation, 559 pp., John Wiley,
    New York, 1975.
    Runcorn, S. K., Changes in the Earth’s moment of inertia,
    Nature, 204, 823–825, 1964.
    Runcorn, S. K., Change in the moment of inertia of the Earth
    as a result of a growing core, in The Earth-Moon System,
    edited by B. G. Marsden and A. G. W. Cameron, pp. 82–92,
    Plenum, New York, 1966.
    Runcorn, S. K., Palaeontological data on the history of the
    Earth-Moon system, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 20, p1–p5,
    1979.
    Scrutton, C. T., Periodic growth features in fossil organisms
    and the length of the day and month, in Tidal Friction and
    the Earth’s Rotation, edited by P. Brosche and J. Su¨ndermann,
    pp. 154–196, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1978.
    Scrutton, C. T., and R. G. Hipkin, Long-term changes in the
    rotation rate of the Earth, Earth Sci. Rev., 9, 259–274, 1973.
    Smith, D. G., G. E. Reinson, B. A. Zaitlin, and R. A. Rahmani
    (Eds.), Clastic Tidal Sedimentology, Mem. Can. Soc. Pet.
    Geol., 16, 387 pp., 1991.
    Smith, N. D., A. C. Phillips, and R. D. Powell, Tidal drawdown:
    A mechanism for producing cyclic sediment laminations in
    glaciomarine deltas, Geology, 18, 10–13, 1990.
    Sonett, C. P., and M. A. Chan, Neoproterozoic Earth-Moon
    dynamics: Rework of the 900 Ma Big Cottonwood Canyon
    tidal rhythmites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 539–542, 1998.
    Sonett, C. P., E. P. Kvale, A. Zakharian, M. A. Chan, and T. M.
    Demko, Late Proterozoic and Palaeozoic tides, retreat of
    the Moon, and rotation of the Earth, Science, 273, 100–104,
    1996a.
    Sonett, C. P., A. Zakharian, and E. P. Kvale, Ancient tides and
    length of day: Correction, Science, 274, 1068–1069, 1996b.
    Su¨ndermann, J., The resonance behaviour of the world ocean,
    in Tidal Friction and the Earth’s Rotation II, edited by P.
    Brosche and J. Su¨ndermann, pp. 165–174, Springer-Verlag,
    New York, 1982.
    Tessier, B., Upper intertidal rhythmites in the Mont-Saint-
    Michel Bay (NW France): Perspectives for paleoreconstruction,
    Mar. Geol., 110, 355–367, 1993.
    Trendall, A. F., Varve cycles in the Weeli Wolli Formation of
    the Precambrian Hamersley Group, Western Australia,
    Econ. Geol., 68, 1089–1097, 1973.
    Trendall, A. F., The Hamersley Basin, in Iron-Formation: Facts
    and Problems, edited by A. F. Trendall and R. C. Morris,
    pp. 69–129, Elsevier Sci., New York, 1983.
    Trendall, A. F., and J. G. Blockley, The iron formations of the
    Precambrian Hamersley Group, Western Australia, Bull.
    Geol. Surv. West. Aust., 119, 366 pp., 1970.
    Vanyo, J. P., and S. M. Awramik, Stromatolites and Earth-
    Sun-Moon dynamics, Precambrian Res., 29, 121–142, 1985.
    Visser, M. J., Neap-spring cycles reflected in Holocene subtidal
    large-scale bedform deposits: A preliminary note, Geology,
    8, 543–546, 1980.
    von Brunn, V., and T. R. Mason, Siliciclastic-carbonate tidal
    deposits from the 3000 m.y. Pongola Supergroup, South
    Africa, Sediment. Geol., 18, 245–255, 1977.
    Wahr, J. M., The Earth’s rotation, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.,
    16, 231–249, 1988.
    Walker, J. C. G., and K. J. Zahnle, Lunar nodal tide and
    distance to the Moon during the Precambrian, Nature, 320,
    600–602, 1986.
    Walter, M. R. (Ed.), Stromatolites, 790 pp., Elsevier Sci., New
    York, 1976.
    Watchorn, M. B., Fluvial and tidal sedimentation in the 3000
    Ma Mozaan Basin, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 13,
    27–42, 1980.
    Webb, D. J., On the reduction in tidal dissipation produced by
    increases in the Earth’s rotation rate and its effect on the
    long-term history of the Moon’s orbit, in Tidal Friction and
    the Earth’s Rotation II, edited by P. Brosche and J. Su¨ndermann,
    pp. 210–221, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.
    Wells, J. W., Coral growth and geochronometry, Nature, 197,
    948–950, 1963.
    Wells, J. W., Problems of annual and daily growth-rings in
    corals, in Palaeogeophysics, edited by S. K. Runcorn, pp.
    3–9, Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1970.
    Williams, G. E., Late Precambrian tidal rhythmites in South
    Australia and the history of the Earth’s rotation, J. Geol.
    Soc. London, 146, 97–111, 1989a.
    Williams, G. E., Precambrian tidal sedimentary cycles and
    Earth’s paleorotation, Eos Trans. AGU, 70, 33 and 40–41,
    1989b.
    Williams, G. E., Tidal rhythmites: Geochronometers for the
    ancient Earth-Moon system, Episodes, 12, 162–171, 1989c.
    Williams, G. E., Tidal rhythmites: Key to the history of the
    Earth’s rotation and the lunar orbit, J. Phys. Earth, 38,
    475–491, 1990.
    Williams, G. E., Upper Proterozoic tidal rhythmites, South
    Australia: Sedimentary features, deposition, and implications
    for the earth’s paleorotation, in Clastic Tidal Sedimentology,
    edited by D. G. Smith et al., Mem. Can. Soc. Pet.
    Geol., 16, 161–177, 1991.
    Williams, G. E., History of Earth’s rotation and the Moon’s
    orbit: A key datum from Precambrian tidal strata in Australia,
    Aust. J. Astron., 5, 135–147, 1994.
    Williams, G. E., Precambrian length of day and the validity of
    tidal rhythmite paleotidal values, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24,
    421–424, 1997.
    Williams, G. E., Late Neoproterozoic periglacial aeolian sand
    sheet, Stuart Shelf, South Australia, Aust. J. Earth Sci., 45,
    733–741, 1998a.
    Williams, G. E., Precambrian tidal and glacial clastic deposits:
    Implications for Precambrian Earth-Moon dynamics and
    palaeoclimate, Sediment. Geol., 120, 55–74, 1998b.
    Yoder, C. F., Astrometric and geodetic properties of Earth and
    the solar system, in Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of
    Physical Constants, edited by T. J. Ahrens, AGU Ref. Shelf,
    1, 1–31, 1995.

    Should I go on? Or are you willing to concede that I can cite a wider range of peer reviewed literature to support my argument then you can?

    So much for no evidence.
     
  19. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890
    That's not what I said you lying dishonest ########!

    I specificaly stated that they were insignificant in mass when compared to the earth. The all important piece of context that you leave out.

    And yeah, a few Gigatons is pretty insignificant when compared to compared to a few million million gigatons.

    Ceres, the largest body in the Asteroid belt has a mass 4 orders of magnitude less than that of the earth (one ten thousandth).

    Once again, you try and humiliate or antagonize me only to prove your own lack of basic numeracy skills.
     
  20. Trippy ALEA IACTA EST Staff Member

    Messages:
    10,890

    No, I don't consider a variation of a whole order of magnitude precise.
     
  21. superluminal I am MalcomR Valued Senior Member

    Messages:
    10,876
    I'm glad. Nor do I. It's sarcasm.
     
  22. Vkothii Banned Banned

    Messages:
    3,674
    The point, though, is that the total amount of matter making up the planet varies, because some is lost and gained constantly.

    Yet there is zero evidence the overall mass is changing noticeably. So an expanding earth hypothesis needs to get around that little problem, too.
     
  23. superluminal I am MalcomR Valued Senior Member

    Messages:
    10,876
    Right.
     

Share This Page