Deforestation: Borneo tropical rainforest is destroyed for oil palm plantations and human development.
Humanity’s overexploitation of plants and animals has driven a 60 percent plummet of vertebrate populations over the last 40 years, according to a new report by the World Wildlife Fund.
The “
Living Planet Report” for 2018 focuses on using the latest tracking and big-data surveillance of the natural world to come to a bleak conclusion: it’s not just endangered and extinct species, which account for a massive loss of biomass.
“We have known for many, many years that we are driving the planet to the very brink,” said Marco Lambertini, the director general of WWF International. “This is not a doom and gloom story; it is reality.”
The estimates are based on the WWF’s Living Planet Index, which incorporates from more than 3,200 data sources, including some detailed looks at specific species populations at local levels, all the way up to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species,
The most pronounced species declines are found in the tropics, with an 89 percent loss in Central and South America, according to their analysis. But another major source of the loss is in the 83 percent plummet of freshwater species, according to their analysis.
For the Amazon, site of some of the biggest losses, it is a destructive mix of booming livestock herds, agriculture at the massive and smaller levels, couple with clear-cutting for infrastructure and the taming of rivers for hydroelectric power which has caused the huge habitat—and thus, life—loss in South America.
But another huge factor is fishing. Six billion tons of fish (plus invertebrates such as crustaceans) have been extracted from the world’s oceans since 1950. That increased from 28 million tons that year to a peak of 130 million tons in 1996—although it has modestly decreased to 110 million tons in 2014, the last year of estimates.