"Compromised science" news/opines (includes retractions, declining academic standards, pred-J, etc)

Not all scientific studies are useful
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/c...science/not-all-scientific-studies-are-useful

EXCERPTS: It is obvious that society has been richly rewarded with the fruits of scientific research. [...] The problem is what to do with all that information. How do we separate studies that provide potentially useful data from ones that do not add in any significant way to our knowledge base? ... Some research is just nonsensical and some is fraudulent. Some are both. ... Then there are studies that are not fraudulent, nor poorly designed, but provide no useful information... (MORE - details)
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Former Italian university head faces retractions and criminal investigations
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...ity-head-retractions-criminal-investigations/

A prominent Italian pharmacologist under investigation for embezzlement and rigging university contracts has garnered a dozen and a half retractions in the last year for image alterations and duplications...

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Misappropriation of undergraduate work leads to study retraction
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...undergraduate-work-leads-to-study-retraction/

Researchers in Australia have retracted a 2020 nanotechnology study after their institution’s research integrity office found the paper had misappropriated the work of undergraduate students at their school...

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Do men or women retract more? A study found the answer is … complicated
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04/02/men-women-retractions-gender-teams/

After identifying gender based on the first names of the authors of the articles, the researchers looked at single-author studies by both men and women and teams of researchers of both mixed and single-gender researchers. Regardless of gender, single-author papers were less likely to be retracted than studies with multiple authors. Mixed teams were more likely to have retractions than single-gender teams. Mixed author groups led by women were slightly less likely to face retractions than mixed groups led by men...

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COVID-19 vaccine myocarditis paper raises questions about what earns post-publication peer review
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...itis-paper-sage-post-publication-peer-review/

“The Editor and the publisher were alerted to potential issues with the research methodology and conclusions and author conflicts of interest” and had undertaken an investigation of the article, the notice stated. According to one of the authors, the investigation involved two new peer reviews of the paper...

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Wiley journal retracts over 200 more papers
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/03...-wound-journal-retracts-over-200-more-papers/

The International Wound Journal has retracted 242 papers so far this year as part of an ongoing investigation into manipulated peer review...
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FDA uncovers ‘significant’ data integrity concerns at Indian CRO
https://www.raps.org/news-and-artic...uncovers-‘significant-data-integrity-concerns

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has notified sponsors of new and generic drug applications that in vitro bioequivalence (BE) studies conducted by Raptim Research, an Indian contract research organization (CRO), may have been falsified and that studies conducted by the firm that are necessary to support approval must be repeated....

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The file drawer problem in social science survey experiments (paper)
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2426937122

ABSTRACT: The file drawer problem—often operationalized in terms of statistically significant results being published and statistically insignificant not being published—is widely documented in the social sciences. We extend Franco’s et al. seminal study of the file drawer problem in survey experiments submitted to the Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) data collection program. We examine projects begun after Franco et al. The updated period coincides with the contemporary open science movement. We find evidence of the problem, stemming from scholars opting to not write up insignificant results. However, that tendency is substantially smaller than it was in the prior decade. This suggests increased recognition of the importance of null results, even if the problem remains in the domain of survey experiments... (MORE - details)

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Closing the door behind: metric-based research evaluation systems and gatekeeping towards young researchers (paper)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-025-05282-6

ABSTRACT: In the competitive and demanding world of academia, early-career researchers often face the daunting challenge of navigating the “publish or perish” paradigm. [...] The findings suggest that early-career researchers are disproportionately compelled to adhere to the “publish or perish” paradigm and are expected to meet higher performance expectations. When normalized for years of experience, the results indicate that professors exhibit the lowest publication output, while faculty members with a Ph.D. who hold the title of Associate Professor demonstrate the highest output. While this study primarily focuses on comparing the fulfillment of criteria between decision-makers and early-career researchers, future research wThe National Institutes of Health has rescinded a scientific integrity policy intended to protect research and communications from political interference, citing the policy's commitment to diversity and inclusion... (MORE - details)

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Manifestations of research ethics and integrity leadership in national surveys – cases of Estonia, Finland, Norway, France and the Netherlands (paper)
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08989621.2025.2481940#abstract

ABSTRACT: Background. A systems approach encourages the consideration of the national dimension of research integrity. National surveys provide a picture of a wider research community overarching research institutions.

Material. We investigated how research ethics and integrity leadership (REI) is manifested in national surveys by conducting a cross-case meta-synthesis of national surveys of Finland, Estonia, Norway, France and the Netherlands using deductive thematic analysis. The REI leadership competence framework involves four central principles: “people’s needs,” “developing the community,” “leaders” personal competencies,’ and “open culture.”

Results. The principle “researchers” needs’ seemed to be related to the support in the working environment, socializing for values and principles, leaders taking responsibility and the need for understanding for career planning, common practices and managing pressure. “Community development” was characterized through REI infrastructure, like guidelines and training, even though participation in training varied substantially across the countries. The principle “leaders” competencies’ indicated that leaders should be role-models especially in acting appropriately when allegations of misconduct arise. “Open culture” was displayed through trust and courage to talk about ethics including whistleblowing.

Conclusions. Results indicated that observed misconduct was often not reported because of fear of retaliation, missing instructions or seeing no point in reporting. We provide recommendations for the development of REI leadership... (MORE - details)
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Reliable science takes time. But the current system rewards speed
https://theconversation.com/reliable-science-takes-time-but-the-current-system-rewards-speed-249497

INTRO: Lately, there have been many headlines on scientific fraud and journal article retractions. If this trend continues, it represents a serious threat to public trust in science.

One way to tackle this problem – and ensure public trust in science remains high – may be to slow it down. We sometimes refer to this philosophy as “slow science”. Akin to the slow food movement, slow science prioritises quality over speed and seeks to buck incentive structures that promote mass production.

Slow science may not represent an obvious way to improve science because we often equate science with progress, and slowing down progress does not sound very appealing. However, progress is not just about speed, but about basing important societal decisions on strong scientific foundations. And this takes time.

Unfortunately, the pressures and incentives modern scientists face are almost universally against slow science. Secure, permanent university jobs are scarce, and with budget cuts, this appears to be getting worse. As a result, the pressure to publish has never been higher... (MORE - details)

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Should meta-scientists hold themselves to higher standards?
https://metaresearch.nl/blog/2025/3/19/should-meta-scientists-hold-themselves-to-higher-standards

INTRO: As a meta-scientist, I research research itself. I systematically examine the scientific literature to identify problems and apply the scientific method to design and test solutions. Inherent to meta-science is that it can also include critique of other people’s research and advice on how to improve.

But what if meta-scientists don’t always follow the very best practices they promote?

This question came up recently at an event where a high-profile meta-scientific paper was retracted due to misrepresentations of what had and hadn’t been preregistered. The backlash on social media included concerns that the authors had lost (at least some) credibility as advocates of responsible and transparent research.

That reaction stuck with me because it seemed to suggest that, for a meta-scientist to be credible and for their advice to be taken seriously, their own work must be flawless.

So I began to wonder: Should meta-scientists hold themselves to higher standards to maintain credibility? Should I? And how would it affect my own credibility as a meta-researcher if I dropped the ball somewhere along the way? (MORE - details)

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NU Prof. Michael Bailey faces backlash over retracted gender dysphoria study
https://dailynorthwestern.com/2025/...cklash-over-retracted-gender-dysphoria-study/

EXCERPT: “I’ve published on issues of free speech before in various contexts, and so to see something that appeared to be in opposition to that value, I felt like I just couldn’t look myself in the mirror and be a part of that anymore,” he said. “Where they had made a decision that was diametrically opposed to a foundational value that I have, I felt like I couldn’t be a part of that team any longer.”

Ferguson said Springer’s original retraction was based on a “technicality” that is not applied reliably across psychology papers.

He added that there is little consistency with how retraction standards are applied. The standards are officially decided by the Committee on Public Ethics, which state that retraction is “warranted” if there is “clear evidence” of major errors, fabricated statements or falsification affecting the results, as well as if there are “unethical research practices” or if the findings were plagiarized. Henchley said in an email to The Daily that Springer follows COPE standards and that they are done to “correct the publication record.”

As a video games specialist, Ferguson said he knows of multiple pivotal papers in his field that meet COPE standards for retraction but remain unaffected. Even in the extremes, Ferguson said there is “no reliability.”

“If you were to apply retraction decisions to (Bailey’s original) article to social science at large, it would be a bloodbath,” he said. “A majority of articles would have to be retracted. If the standards for retraction that we use in that article applied, it would be an absolute disaster for social science, because most articles couldn’t meet the standards that were applied to this article.” (MORE - details)

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Trump Administration Cancels NIH Scientific Integrity Policy
https://www.scientificamerican.com/...tion-cancels-nih-scientific-integrity-policy/

EXCERPTS: The policy was rescinded [...] to “ensure alignment with the administration’s priorities,” according to a notice posted by NIH. The notice says NIH, which is the largest source of funding for medical research in the world, will now follow the Department of Health and Human Services' broader scientific integrity policy. NIH, the notice says, “remains committed to upholding the principles of scientific integrity.”

The NIH policy, which was last updated during the final months of the Biden administration, included a commitment that “diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility (DEIA) are integral components of the entire scientific process.” [...] No such diversity language is included in the HHS policy NIH is now meant to follow.

HHS spokesperson Andrew Nixon said the policy was pulled due to the diversity language. The NIH policy, he said, had been “weaponized” by the Biden administration to “inject harmful DEI and gender ideology into research.”

[...] The move has alarmed scientists and public health experts who argue that the Trump administration has already politicized science by eliminating HHS offices focused on health equity and climate change, canceling research grants on racial health disparities and other topics the administration does not like... (MORE - details)

COMMENT: A round and round scenario: Repealing science policies supposedly driven by ideological preferences is likewise political interference itself. Maybe the only solution is to define the human-related sciences as fundamentally open to political influences, something putatively supported by history according to past opinion pieces in SciAm and other science outlets themselves.

Yes, science is political - SciAm (2020)
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/yes-science-is-political/

Science and politics are inseparable - Nature (2020)
https://media.nature.com/original/magazine-assets/d41586-020-02797-1/d41586-020-02797-1.pdf

Scientists have always been political - JSTOR (2017)
https://daily.jstor.org/scientists-have-always-been-political/

Science has always been political - Science.org (2020)
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Show your working: How the ‘open science’ movement tackles scientific misconduct
https://theconversation.com/show-yo...movement-tackles-scientific-misconduct-249020

More than two decades later, the open access movement has broadened beyond simply research articles. It now incorporates research data, protocols, software and all aspects of the research process. The universal term for this is “open science”. With its focus on transparency, open science offers part of the solution to the growing problem of scientific misconduct...

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Rival scientists are teaming up to break scientific stalemates
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2025/04-05/adversarial-research-collaboration

EXCERPTS: Adversarial research collaborations are projects in which two (or more) teams with opposing theories, hypotheses, or interpretations of evidence get together to hammer out a mutually acceptable research study that will—ideally—reconcile their differences. [...] advocates say these projects are not as scary as they seem. Dueling researchers often end up friendlier than they were when they started, and they typically resolve hot-button scientific controversies much faster...

[...] Given that psychologists study many issues of widespread public and political interest, these collaborations could be a tool to increase trust in psychological science across partisan lines, advocates say. They may also be key to breaking impasses over findings with broad societal implications... (MORE - details)

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The unscientific crusade against seed oils
https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/m...rition/unscientific-crusade-against-seed-oils

EXCERPTS: The Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) gang led by Robert Kennedy Jr. is not going to be happy with the results of a study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. That makes me happy even though I have some questions about the study.

[...] The issue with seed oils is not that they are inherently unhealthy, but that they are extensively used in ultra-processed foods that can be deemed unhealthy because they are high in sugar, salt and fat. That fat is in indeed in the form of seed oils, but that doesn’t mean replacing them with saturated fat, as found in butter or beef tallow, makes the food healthier. Quite the opposite. The evidence accumulated over decades indicates that replacing saturated fats in the diet with unsaturated fats, as found in seed oils, lowers blood cholesterol and reduces the risk of heart disease.

Now we come to the Harvard study with its claim that a higher intake of plant-based oils is linked with a lower risk of premature mortality. That’s a real “ouch moment” for the MAHA crowd. So, how did the researchers arrive at this conclusion? (MORE - details)

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Tackling paper mills requires us to prevent future contamination and clean up the past -- the case of the journal Bioengineered
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.21267

INTRODUCTION: Taylor & Francis journal Bioengineered has been targeted by paper mills. The goal of this study is to identify problematic articles published in Bioengineered during the period 2010 to 2024.

Methods. Dimensions was used to search for articles that contained the terms mouse OR mice OR rat OR rats in title or abstract, published in Bioengineered between January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2024. All articles were assessed by eye and by using software to detect inappropriate image duplication and manipulation. An article was classified as problematic if it contained inappropriate image duplication or manipulation or had been previously retracted. Problematic articles were reported on PubPeer by the authors, if they had not been reported previously. All included articles were assessed for post-publication editorial decisions.

Results. We have excluded all articles published in 2024 from further analysis, as these were all retraction notices. We assessed the remaining 878 articles, of which 226 (25.7%) were identified as problematic, of which 35 had been previously retracted. One retracted article was later de-retracted. One article received a correction. None of the included articles received an expression of concern or the Taylor & Francis under investigation pop-up.

Conclusions. Taylor & Francis lack of editorial action has left the scientific community vulnerable to reading and citing hundreds of problematic articles published in Bioengineered. To uphold scientific integrity, Taylor & Francis should use the findings of this study as a starting point to systematically identify all compromised articles in Bioengineered and take appropriate editorial action...

PAPER (PDF): https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.21267
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Drinking pee to improve health is an ancient practice – but the risks outweigh the evidence
https://theconversation.com/drinkin...ce-but-the-risks-outweigh-the-evidence-253353

EXCERPTS: Historically, drinking pee to treat illnesses may have made sense because of a lack of medical alternatives. But, as the urine-sipping celebrities [...of this era...] show, the practice is still followed today. ... Most claims about urine therapy are based on anecdotes or ancient texts with no robust scientific evidence to support the benefits of urine therapy. There is evidence to show that drinking urine has a number of health risks, however... (MORE - details)

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Study: Kids with smartphones are less depressed, anxious, bullied than peers without them
https://reason.com/2025/04/07/study...ssed-anxious-bullied-than-peers-without-them/

INTRO (excerpts): It's funny how much media coverage is devoted to anything suggesting that phones might be ruining kids—and how little coverage goes to studies suggesting the opposite. So it goes with a new report from researchers at the University of South Florida (USF) that links smartphone ownership among 11- to 13-year-olds with a number of positive indicators of well-being. [...] Martin's research is part of a major undertaking meant to "track digital media use and wellness across the lifespan," notes USF in a press release...... (MORE - details)

COMMENT: We probably should take into account how distorted, bias-selected, neglected, non-updated and meme or presupposition ridden media coverage can likewise contribute to compromised science. At least when political and institutional policies are driven more by that influence than neutral experts critically surveying research across the board. But sometimes also a particular area of study may be so riddled with the various problems plaguing the soft sciences, that the source of multiple investigations producing conflicting results simply stems from that.

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The messy science behind a hit memoir’s stunning revelations
https://www.vox.com/culture/407244/tell-amy-griffin-repressed-memories-real

INTRO (excerpts): What if something terrible happened to you, and you weren’t able to remember it? That’s one of the questions at the center of Amy Griffin’s memoir, The Tell, which is quickly becoming one of the year’s most talked-about books.

[...] Griffin’s status as a high-powered investor and Silicon Valley “girlboss” working with companies like Goop and Bumble gave her attention in high places. She has the support of book club titans like Oprah Winfrey, Jenna Bush Hager, and Reese Witherspoon. Elle praised the memoir as “a new kind of story about abuse”...

[...] Yet at the book’s center is a particularly thorny issue: that of repressed memories, which are considered an impossibility by most research psychologists and neuroscientists but touted by many therapists who work directly with patients. ... while The Tell confronts the possibility that they may be false, Griffin herself quickly loses all doubt.

Add in the potentially dicey treatment that Griffin underwent: psychedelic MDMA therapy. Despite reportedly helping patients with trauma and PTSD, it has yet to win federal approval in the US. Technically, it’s illegal.

As The Tell continues to dominate the New York Times bestseller list, how should we think about the less-than-legal therapy that inspired it and the splashy, concerning revelations that came next? (MORE - details)

COMMENT: As the article states, reflexively dismissing all instances of repressed memories gets complicated. The genetic fallacy seems to fit in there somewhere, if the proposed "disreputable source" alone generates the skepticism. But the general theme of abuse and victimhood -- ranging from the broad scale of socioeconomic oppression to specific criminal or unjust acts committed against individuals -- is the bread and butter of political and media careers of today. So applicable high-profile accounts are empathetically flocked around and "negatively celebrated" also because a whole industry depends upon a steady supply of such. Ensuring a resource like that continues may involve not only incrementally raising the bar or standards for and refining what counts as social injustice, but approving controversial practices and pseudoscience to accommodate particular heinous wrongs being valid. Facilitated communication is another sham, with arguably crusader resonances, that refuses to die in popularity. But again, matters get murky when they revolve around therapeutic benefits for the individual, or contribute to generating awareness of and recruitment to noble causes centered around rehabilitating society.
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Should we worry about toxic dust?
https://www.acsh.org/news/2025/04/08/should-we-worry-about-toxic-dust-49405

EXCERPTS: PFAS are also used in consumer products, such as carpets and rugs, stain-resistant cleaning products, building materials, and food packaging. [...] No one wants industrial chemicals settling in their kitchen dust, but we deserve the full story—not just the scariest version. The study used outdated samples collected before emissions were drastically reduced, analyzed tiny amounts of dust with acknowledged errors, and emphasized the presence of less-toxic PFAS without clarifying their relatively low risk... (MORE - details)
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Replication probe finds ‘statistically improbable data’ tied to institute in Bangladesh
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...robable-data-tied-to-institute-in-bangladesh/

A Bangladesh-based organization focused on development economics and its founder have been churning out papers filled with misstatements, inconsistencies, ethical lapses and “statistically improbable data,” according to researchers involved in an ongoing effort to replicate the work...

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A ‘joke’: Paper with ‘completely irrelevant’ citations retracted
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...-journal-hydrogen-energy-elsevier-retraction/

According to the retraction notice, “the authors were requested by two of the reviewers to insert redundant references. The peer review process is deemed to have been compromised.” The notice also states the reviewers responsible for the citation prompting have been removed from the “journal database, so that they cannot review papers in the future...”

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Indian university’s channel on publisher’s platform disappears
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04/08/saveetha-dental-institute-india-cureus-channel/

Our 2023 investigation into Saveetha’s dental school uncovered an elaborate self-citation scheme: Undergraduates write manuscripts as part of their exams; student and faculty reviewers then insert scores of citations to papers by Saveetha faculty to inflate the university’s citation rankings. [...] Given what our past reporting turned up, when bibliometrics expert Reese Richardson wrote to tell us the Saveetha’s channel at Cureus, part of Springer Nature, has disappeared, it seemed worth a closer look...

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Math journal editors resign to launch open-access title ‘free from pressure or influence’
https://retractionwatch.com/2025/04...terly-mass-resignation-editorial-board-wiley/

“We do not believe that Wiley is currently providing an environment that allows the editors to do their editorial work according to the standards of the academic community and free from the negative influence of commercial and profit-oriented interests,” the editors wrote in their resignation letter...
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Scholars disprove existence of ‘crisis of trust’ in science
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1080244

EXCERPT: Research by Arthur Lupia and David Allison had previously indicated that trust in science and scientists has been declining over the past five years, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating this crisis. To study the issue in more detail, the international multidisciplinary consortium TISP (Trust in Science and Science-Related Populism) conducted a survey to provide reliable data on attitudes toward science.

[...] The study shows that the authority of science remains high in most countries, though the degree of trust varies across nations and social groups. In places where people relied more on scientific data, crises such as the pandemic were managed more smoothly, with citizens more likely to follow vaccination and safety recommendations. Tackling mistrust in scientific findings is crucial, as societies with higher trust in scientists tend to handle medical and climate challenges more effectively... (MORE - details, no ads)
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RFK Jr.’s autism bombshell
https://pauloffit.substack.com/p/rfk-jrs-autism-bombshell

INTRO (excerpts): On April 10, 2025, at a White House meeting, RFK Jr. said, “We’ve launched a massive testing and research effort that’s going to involve hundreds of scientists throughout the world. By September we will know what causes the autism epidemic and be able to eliminate it.” Wow. One would assume that up until now researchers have been ignoring this disease. They haven’t...

[...] Given what we know about the cause or causes of autism, how is it possible that within four months RFK Jr. and his international team of scientists will find one or two causes and eliminate the disorder, especially if there is a strong genetic component? It doesn’t take a psychic to see where this is going.

By September 2025, RFK Jr. will declare that he has looked behind the curtain at the FDA and CDC and is horrified by what he has found. For decades, researchers have been telling us that vaccines don’t cause autism when in fact they do. We have all been the victim of a vast international conspiracy to hide the truth. And the evildoer, the orchestrator of this conspiracy, has been Big Pharma... (MORE - details)
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