Does Physics disprove the existence of free will?

If you're packing three months in advance, you may want to reconsider your priorities...:tongue:
With what I have waiting in Bali in March it should be my single priority
Should not be on line now

But to stay on topic

Part of my post about the thread revolves around the physics part. The other part about the mental aspects

The physics part (action/reaction/action ad infinitum) I don't think is correct

The so called butterfly effect is vastly overrated in my opinion
Most small butterfly wing flappings die out long before they affect anything beyond a very small region around the butterfly

Hence not every action continues forever

More to follow

Now coffee time

:)
 
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With the lot of determined physics if you step into the air at the top of the staircase

I'm still working on a response to the thread in general

But laziness, just back from 3 weeks holiday, and repacking for March holiday, arranging who to meet and for how long with a sore back at times in the forefront keeping me busy

Along with general living

:)
I hope you had a wonderful time and I'm looking forward to your considered opinion......:cool:
 
I hope you had a wonderful time and I'm looking forward to your considered opinion......:cool:
Had a great time and was putting out part of my musings as your post came through

Only thing better in March would be my Orthopaedic Emergency Department Nurse can join me in Bali for 5 days

In the thread topic part of the mental aspect of free will revolves around the chemical/electrical processing of thought

With the ability to observe the presumed start of a chemical/electrical process (perhaps even record it)

CAN YOU BE CERTAIN IF YOU OBSERVE A REPEATED chemical/electrical process IT GIVES RISE TO THE SAME THOUGHT????

Must have coffee

:)
 
CAN YOU BE CERTAIN IF YOU OBSERVE A REPEATED chemical/electrical process IT GIVES RISE TO THE SAME THOUGHT????
Why not?
As I understand Hameroff, apparently the tau particles somehow direct information to the proper memory location in the Giant Pyramidal Neurons or Axonal Terminals.
According to Hameroff, epigenetic memory is stored in microtubules.
Note: Hameroff specfically makes mention of "patterns" which connects his theory with that of Tegmark, even though Tegmark raised objections to Hameroff's use of quantum mechanics in microtubules.
But Hameroff demonstrates the "sound" of microtubular processes.

Just noticed a new term (to me) ; SNARE proteins.!!!!!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNARE_(protein)
 
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Just noticed a new term (to me) ; SNARE proteins.!!!!!
Looked it up

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNARE_(protein)

Fascinating stuff giving this Minion a brief idea of the complexity of LIFE and the PROCESSES involved

Oh to be a Theist

Today class we are going to talk about life. Can anyone tell me how life started?

Yes sir me sir god did it

Excellent class dismissed

:)
 
That includes information generated by the entire universe from its beginning.
Yes, but it is assumed that when you talk of a system you know its initial state. That state could be at t=100, t=1,000, or now.
Thus for a decision being made in 10 seconds it is assumed that the initial state (now) is known and then the system is closed if one considers the volume of 10 light-seconds radius, closed in that the volume contains everything that could possibly determine that decision.
It includes patterns that are not mutually visible - the decision is being affected by factors not visible to each other, and unpredictable by each other, meeting for the first time ever at the decision time and place.
Yes, quite possibly. But this doesn't change anything regarding the argument.
And measuring it at an instant assumes the ability to make an instantaneous observation of direction of change, which is theoretically impossible.
Not in a strictly deterministic universe.
That is: if you are talking about predetermination, things set in stone from the beginning, you are talking about all the changes that take place over the time scale in which they take place at the logical level in which they take place from the beginning. There may be patterns in there whose "phase settings" play out discontinuously over millions of years, and are invisible to each other as well as any observation on any shorter time interval.

In what sense is that either "closed" or a "system"?
The system refers to the decision-making process. The system is closed if it contains everything necessary for reaching that decision, and no necessary information can be lost or gained.
Or from the other direction: let's give you the handwave, and say you have somehow defined a "closed system" smaller than the universe - it's nowhere near the size of a human being. The system "human being" is open.
If you only consider the physical elements contained within our bodies, then yes, it would be open. But that is not the decision making system, which is necessarily closed.
The open system of "human being" is open and can thus appear indeterministic... it can appear to have the same inputs and reach different outputs.
It has degrees of freedom. The thermostat has the ability to click on or off and still be a working thermostat.
But it is not free. It does what it must. It has no option by to click on/off when the temperature dictates.
If this concept is extrapolated or extended to logical levels of pattern at which events such as "human being making decision" exist, what would they be?
There would be degrees of freedom, which is not in question, but they would not be free. Just like the thermostat is not free.
They would include dreams, for example, in some extension of the way that a thermostat includes a spring or solenoid or transistorized circuitry.
Indeed. And not free.
Not to me. None of these processes appear indeterminate to me - I automatically assume that all inputs, observed or unobserved, are natural and follow the laws of physics etc.
So now you're saying that in the driver, car, light scenario the driver will always do the same thing (the same colour light, same car, same driver = same output) and thus you are saying that they have no ability to do otherwise. You can't have it both ways. If the same driver, same car, same light colour can lead to two different outputs (e.g. go / not-go) then you are considering an open system with regard the decision, and the process as considered is indeterminate.
You seem to be clinging to the notion that determinism simply means that a re-run of that specific process will always yield the same result, but you aren't considering anything else about what strict determinism entails.
Not if you are trying to discuss the concept of degrees of freedom in a working system at the logical level of the human mind.
Noone is stopping you from discussing that, if that is what you wish to discuss. Me, I'm considering the question of whether our will is free, as in actually able to do otherwise.
Your understanding is in conflict with itself. For one thing, you can't have a human being making a decision on one hand, and a system having no degrees of freedom - no ability to do otherwise - on the other.
I haven't said that the human will has no degrees of freedom. As stated, even a thermostat has one. The question I'm considering is whether the will is free, whether it can actually do otherwise. For example, can a perfectly working thermostat that is set to click on when the temp falls below 15-C actually do otherwise? It has a degree of freedom... but is not free.
You can't use a claim of "holistic" determinism to slough off the problems with bottom up causality, and then label examples of high level top down causation - such as the decision making abilities of the human mind - "illusion" because they are not bottom up causation.
And you'll continue to think that's what I'm doing while you continue to misunderstand why something is considered an illusion in this regard. I've explained countless times, and I'm not going to repeat myself again when it's clearly falling on deaf ears.
 
Michael 345 said:
CAN YOU BE CERTAIN IF YOU OBSERVE A REPEATED chemical/electrical process IT GIVES RISE TO THE SAME THOUGHT????
Write4U said:
Why not?
Well you seem confident but I don't share that view.
Have you thought of a way to confirm such a view?
I cannot
:)
I am confident this has something to do with the mirror neuron system.
A mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another. Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, as though the observer were itself acting. Such neurons have been directly observed in primate species

upload_2018-12-16_1-10-36.jpeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neuron

Seems to me, given that mirror neurons fire in a specific way when electro/chemically stimulated in a specific way, should it not follow that this would give rise to the same experiential response in the observer and might well apply to all subsequent similar experiential observations?

Consider that when we see someone hurt themselves, we wince as if we are the one experiencing the real pain. It is a purely deterministic reactive mental electro/chemical response in the brain.

Brings to mind the experiment of the phantom hand in Anil Seth's presentation posted earlier, where the subject's mind assimilates the fake hand as being his real hand (which is hidden from view), and when the fake hand is stabbed, the subject responds as if the fake hand is the real hand. This response is completely involuntary.

Or even in the flexible auditory response, where the mind actually learns to separate a sentence from a set of apparent random noises.

I find it astounding that the mind has such flexible adaptive properties, which are based on recognition and translation of external stimulus into the same electro/chemical neural responses.

Perhaps the problem lies in our assumption that thoughts produce electro/chemical reactive responses, but that may not be the case. Perhaps it is really the electro/chemical reactions to sensory observations that produce thoughts as well as the involuntary functional auto response behavior?
:eek:
 
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There would be degrees of freedom, which is not in question, but they would not be free.
What attributes of freedom would they lack?
So now you're saying that in the driver, car, light scenario the driver will always do the same thing (the same colour light, same car, same driver = same output) and thus you are saying that they have no ability to do otherwise.
No. I am saying that they have the ability to do otherwise until they do it (decide, will, etc), and afterwards they will have no ability to have done otherwise.
- - - -
Yes, but it is assumed that when you talk of a system you know its initial state.
Which means you have - in theory - observed it. Which means you have made measurements over sufficient time to record the direction and magnitude of continuing changes. Which means your measurement is not instantaneous. Which means one could - in theory - back you up to the beginning of the universe if there are any patterns changing on that scale. (Which there would be, in a holistically determined universe. You never pick up on the holistic determinism stuff).
"And measuring it at an instant assumes the ability to make an instantaneous observation of direction of change, which is theoretically impossible."
Not in a strictly deterministic universe.
Acceleration, phase, velocity, direction, etc, do not physically exist, cannot be observed or measured, at a single point in time. Neither do quantum phenomena such as location, charge, etc. Determinism has nothing to do with that.
- - - - -
The system refers to the decision-making process.
And by "decision making process" you mean the system - everything in the light cone, was your description.
But the matter at hand is the human being making the decision. Nobody is arguing that the universe has freedom of will.
"Not if you are trying to discuss the concept of degrees of freedom in a working system at the logical level of the human mind."
Noone is stopping you from discussing that, if that is what you wish to discuss.
Good. It is.
Me, I'm considering the question of whether our will is free, as in actually able to do otherwise.
By handwaving at logical levels of pattern, making arguments completely dependent on a vague and conflicted bottom up determinism and a supernatural conception of freedom. Continually blowing off the physical nature of the matters at hand.
 
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If you only consider the physical elements contained within our bodies, then yes, it would be open. But that is not the decision making system, which is necessarily closed.
If we aren't considering the freedom of will of the human being, I'm not sure what the topic is. The freedom of will of a light cone volume?
You seem to be clinging to the notion that determinism simply means that a re-run of that specific process will always yield the same result,
That was your definition. Seemed ok to me - at least, for the purposes here.
The open system of "human being" is open and can thus appear indeterministic... it can appear to have the same inputs and reach different outputs.
Not in my universe. In my universe nothing appears indeterminate. When different outputs are observed, different inputs are deduced - not merely assumed, but demonstrated.
 
The so called butterfly effect is vastly overrated in my opinion
Most small butterfly wing flappings die out long before they affect anything beyond a very small region around the butterfly

Hence not every action continues forever
I agree, many causal chronologies die out immediately or after some continued chronology.
Example is the gradual "flattening" of a wave function, until it is no longer a wave.

However, those causal actions which lead to a cascading chronology must follow the "implicate" potentials preceding every caused result, regardless of duration of the chronology, IMO.

Each specific action is the direct result of a prior specific causal condition.

I believe that this is addressed in David Bohm's "Wholeness and the Implicate order".
In the enfolded [or implicate] order, space and time are no longer the dominant factors determining the relationships of dependence or independence of different elements. Rather, an entirely different sort of basic connection of elements is possible, from which our ordinary notions of space and time, along with those of separately existent material particles, are abstracted as forms derived from the deeper order.
These ordinary notions in fact appear in what is called the "explicate" or "unfolded" order, which is a special and distinguished form contained within the general totality of all the implicate orders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicate_and_explicate_order

IMO, this is why we can say that the "enfolded" potentials implied in the BB were causal to every subsequent state of "unfolded" reality.

I cannot think of a possible different logical explanation.......:?
 
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What attributes of freedom would they lack?
The actual ability to do otherwise.
No. I am saying that they have the ability to do otherwise until they do it (decide, will, etc), and afterwards they will have no ability to have done otherwise.
Thinking that one has the ability to do otherwise is not the same as actually being able to do otherwise. In a strictly determined universe (the scenario under discussion here) the universe is not determined only at the point of decision, but at every point in the past. You accept that in such a universe a decision, once taken, would be set in stone and if time reversed and played through again the same decision would be made. What you can't seem to build into your understanding is how the decision was fixed from the outset.
So it's not a case that they have ability to do otherwise until they do, but that they never actually have the ability to do otherwise. The only thing we have is the appearance and belief that we might possibly have been able to do otherwise.
Which means you have - in theory - observed it.
It means that if it were possible to know the initial state...
Which means you have made measurements over sufficient time to record the direction and magnitude of continuing changes. Which means your measurement is not instantaneous.
No need to bring practical considerations into a theoretical perspective. IF one could know the initial state, and IF one could accurately model the interactions, then one could arrive at knowledge of all subsequent states whether the actual system functions or not.
Which means one could - in theory - back you up to the beginning of the universe if there are any patterns changing on that scale. (Which there would be, in a holistically determined universe. You never pick up on the holistic determinism stuff).
Are patterns not part of the overall state of a system? If you accept that they are then you are flogging a dead horse. If you don't, then please let me know how a pattern sits outside.
Acceleration, phase, velocity, direction, etc, do not physically exist, cannot be observed or measured, at a single point in time. Neither do quantum phenomena such as location, charge, etc. Determinism has nothing to do with that.
It's not about taking a snapshot and working out positions. It is about knowing state A. This includes the acceleration, phase, velocity, direction etc.
Is this practically possible? No. Nor does it need to be.
And by "decision making process" you mean the system - everything in the light cone, was your description.
But the matter at hand is the human being making the decision. Nobody is arguing that the universe has freedom of will.
Nor is anyone disputing that humans make decisions. Everyone accepts that the will, the making of decisions, is a process that we go through. The question is whether those decisions are free. Or whether they were set in stone, for example, at the dawn of time.
Good. It is.
Then I genuinely look forward to you no longer responding to the discussion on whether the will is actually able to do otherwise.
By handwaving at logical levels of pattern, making arguments completely dependent on a vague and conflicted bottom up determinism and a supernatural conception of freedom. Continually blowing off the physical nature of the matters at hand.
They would all be good requests to someone who is doing any of them. I am not hand waving at anything, rather it is you who is trying to invalidate the argument by alluding to logical levels of patterns while so far unable/unwilling to show how such is actually relevant. There is no dependency on vague or conflicted bottom-up determinism, but rather a consistent argument from what I perceive as a more holistic determinism. And as for the supernatural concept of freedom, yes, it is the conclusion reached from the argument in the case of strict determinism. That is the way of things when the conclusion is that something can not possibly exist.
And I do not blow off the physical nature of anything, if it is relevant to the argument. The physical nature is that things operate in a strictly deterministic manner (in the scenario being discussed). Unless you can justify its consideration, which you have so far failed to do, anything else you are waving your hands about would seem to be a red-herring.
If we aren't considering the freedom of will of the human being, I'm not sure what the topic is. The freedom of will of a light cone volume?
Don't be so pathetic. We are considering the freedom of will of the human being, but that decision making system necessarily includes everything that I have previously described, lest it be viewed as open and in which case can appear indeterministic. Car/driver/light is an indeterministic system since the driver, on seeing the colour red, could go forward one time, and could stop another time. Only taking into account those three things the system might appear indeterministic, because it is open with respect to that specific decision. You need to consider the closed system.
That was your definition. Seemed ok to me - at least, for the purposes here.
Wow. Yet you manage to avoid consideration of everything that logically follows from that? Like predetermination? Wow. If that's the case then I'm sorry, I definitely gave you more credit that I should have done.
Not in my universe. In my universe nothing appears indeterminate. When different outputs are observed, different inputs are deduced - not merely assumed, but demonstrated.
Oh, I agree with you if you look hard enough, and with the driver you would look at the decision making process that they were at least aware of. But there comes a point when someone just says: "I don't know why I did that..." and if given the same inputs (that they are aware of) again they would choose differently. That is indeterminism, or at least the appearance of it.
Now, I admire your belief that you are always able to show that the inputs were different in that case, not merely deduced but demonstrated. Especially in our actual universe which isn't strictly deterministic.
You're going to have to offer more than just your bravado. But then you're not actually interested in this topic, so I do finally look forward to your non-response.
 
The actual ability to do otherwise.
Of course we do!
There is something missing from your argument that impacts on your conclusion dramatically.
  • The human being is hardwired to strive for self determination from the get go.
  • The human being is hardwired to fight for his freedom from the get go.
  • The human being is hardwired to fight determinism from the get go.
  • The human being spends most of his time determining what ( determinism) he agrees with and what he doesn't agree with, and whether a compromise is required or not.
Evidence:
Human history is littered with war and conflict. People have been dying for the cause of self determination for all recorded history. WW1 and WW2 are classic examples. Domestic violence or any conflict has it's roots in the desire for self determination.
In fact one could suggest and subsequently prove very strongly that the only reason there is conflict in this world is because of the hardwired desire for self determination ( freedom to choose)

There are many examples that could be shown that prove this point.

The human has evolved to fight against all forms of determinism, only agreeing to compromise when it serves a self interest or purpose. Like a locked door that stands in the way of freedom will always be attempted to be forced open until futility sets in and the human agrees to compromise and acceptance.

I can't believe this discussion has been going on for 38 pages and got no where when the solution is obvious.
811eff57b2be1ba2fe5040083e1e9565.jpg
War memorial Melbourne - three pillars of freedom etc - lest we forget
 
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In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities[1] asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as position x and momentum p, can be known.

Question: Does a particle not know its own position x and momentum p in the universe? Or does the universe not know both position and momentum of the particle?

Or is it that only humans don't (cannot) know? If we are able to know each state separately, can we choose to know both states at the same time?
 
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Of course we do!
So you seem to believe, at least.
There is something missing from your argument that impacts on your conclusion dramatically.
The willingness to be illogical? The willingness to take irrelevances and treat them as if relevant? The redefinition of words from that used in the argument? So which is it to be... let's see...
  • The human being is hardwired to strive for self determination from the get go.
  • The human being is hardwired to fight for his freedom from the get go.
  • The human being is hardwired to fight determinism from the get go.
  • The human being spends most of his time determining what ( determinism) he agrees with and what he doesn't agree with, and whether a compromise is required or not.
Ah, yes, it's the desire to treat irrelevancies as if relevant, I see.
QQ, if something is on a path that was set in stone aeons ago, would you consider it free? If every action it ever takes is according to what was determined aeons ago, would you consider it free, even if that thing genuinely and honestly thought otherwise? Even if it was determined aeons ago that it would think it was striving for its own self determination? To fight for its freedom etc? That nothing it can do will alter the path it is on, given that that path already takes into account everything about the thing at the time of decision-making? You see all that as free, and able to do otherwise?
That is the matter at hand, here, at least with the argument as was formulated by Baldeee many pages ago, and with regard the strictly deterministic universe now being considered.
Evidence:
...
All, sadly, irrelevant.
I can't believe this discussion has been going on for 38 pages and got no where when the solution is obvious.
The solution is obvious: we are not able to do otherwise, only think we do and appear to act as if we are able to. There. Simples. Your examples are thus also all examples of the way in which we think we do, and how we appear to act as if we are able to.
If you want to assert those examples are of a genuine / actual ability, you'll need to provide something more... like an actual argument that supports them being more than just examples of the person thinking they are able to act otherwise, and more than just them appearing to be able to act otherwise.
 
The solution is obvious: we are not able to do otherwise, only think we do and appear to act as if we are able to.
The problem with that "solution" is that it is obviously false. The ability to do otherwise is a necessary and causal feature of the observed decision process.
- - - -
It means that if it were possible to know the initial state...
It means the "initial state" is not a point in time any more than it is in space.
The actual ability to do otherwise.
They have that. It's an observable feature of the status - the initial state - of the deciding system before it decides.
Nor is anyone disputing that humans make decisions.
You, above, dismissed it as the "appearance" of decision. You slip like that automatically, and frequently. It's part of the bottom up causality illusion.
Like this:
We are considering the freedom of will of the human being, but that decision making system necessarily includes everything that I have previously described, lest it be viewed as open and in which case can appear indeterministic.
So you are, and are not, considering the human being as the entity making the decision and exhibiting the will, depending on what you need to handwave at in this part of the merry-g0-round.
If you want to get off that silly horse of open systems appearing indeterminate to you, or somebody somewhere, or whatever you are talking about, try taking your claimed holistic determinism seriously.
But there comes a point when someone just says: "I don't know why I did that..." and if given the same inputs (that they are aware of) again they would choose differently. That is indeterminism, or at least the appearance of it.
It isn't indeterminism, and you are the only poster here who is vulnerable to any such "appearances".
- - - -
Now, I admire your belief that you are always able to show that the inputs were different in that case, not merely deduced but demonstrated. Especially in our actual universe which isn't strictly deterministic.
It's called "science" (or here: "physics"). I'm a fan.
 
Ah, not quite the non-response I had hoped for, given you have no interest in the incompatabilist position.
The problem with that "solution" is that it is obviously false.
Yet you have been unable to show it false, or provide any other alternative that simply doesn't talk about the appearance and accompanying belief of being able to do otherwise.
The ability to do otherwise is a necessary and causal feature of the observed decision process.
No, the thought/belief that we are able to do otherwise is sufficient for that.
It means the "initial state" is not a point in time any more than it is in space.
If that's your take-away, okay.
They have that. It's an observable feature of the status - the initial state - of the deciding system before it decides.
"Observable". See how you can't escape that aspect. Everything you offer is simply based on observation and belief of what you are observing. That is your starting point, and you dismiss anything else that doesn't match your belief in the matter.
You, above, dismissed it as the "appearance" of decision. You slip like that automatically, and frequently.
It's a matter of having to jump between referencing the decision as a process and the decision as being the actual ability to do otherwise. The former undisputedly exists. The latter not so. You use "decision" to refer to the latter, whereas I would reference the former. It is not surprising there is perceived slippage.
It's part of the bottom up causality illusion.
I have no doubt you believe that.
Like this:

So you are, and are not, considering the human being as the entity making the decision and exhibiting the will, depending on what you need to handwave at in this part of the merry-g0-round.
The human decision is made within the human being. That is where the decision point is that is being referred to. But the closed system involved in reaching that point extends far greater than that. If I am to make a decision (i.e. the brain process called "decision") in 10 seconds then the closed system affecting that decision extends 10 light-seconds out.
If you want to get off that silly horse of open systems appearing indeterminate to you, or somebody somewhere, or whatever you are talking about, try taking your claimed holistic determinism seriously.
If you don't see how open systems can appear indeterminate then you're the one not taking things seriously, iceaura. I can't be held responsible for that.
It isn't indeterminism, and you are the only poster here who is vulnerable to any such "appearances".
If the same inputs can lead to more than one output then that is indeterminism. In a strictly deterministic system, if A leads to B then whenever you have A you will always get B. Not C, but B. If you can have either B or C then you have indeterminism.
It's called "science" (or here: "physics"). I'm a fan.
Being a fan doesn't mean you know what you're actually on about, though.
But anyway, good luck with showing different inputs with regard radioactive decay, for example Or anything relating to quantum indeterminacy, where even if hidden variables apply we are unable to demonstrate the same states, as you claimed we could. So good luck, fan of "physics".
 
QQ, if something is on a path that was set in stone aeons ago, would you consider it free? If every action it ever takes is according to what was determined aeons ago, would you consider it free, even if that thing genuinely and honestly thought otherwise? Even if it was determined aeons ago that it would think it was striving for its own self determination? To fight for its freedom etc? That nothing it can do will alter the path it is on, given that that path already takes into account everything about the thing at the time of decision-making? You see all that as free, and able to do otherwise?
That is the matter at hand, here, at least with the argument as was formulated by Baldeee many pages ago, and with regard the strictly deterministic universe now being considered.
In a fantasy universe as you have repeatedly described of course freewill is not possible. I have no argument with that. In fact, I don't think any one is arguing with that. In a fantasy universe that is strictly determined as per your limited use of logic, of course freedom of any sort is non-existent.

You have set up a gedanken (thought experiment) that is impossible to refute and how you fail to see that is really disturbing.

Unfortunately for you and fortunately for us the real world beckons.

Have you ever considered that "it may actually be determined that the human being has evolved the genuine capacity to reject, agree or accept that which is determined?" That the human being spends the greater part of his life doing just that. That self determination ( freewill) is an essential aspect of a human's mortality.

You will claim irrelevance to your argument and of course according to your fantasy gedanken it probably is.

However this thread is not about your fantasy. It is about how physics(*) (not fantasy) may disprove the existence of freewill.

You will need to demonstrate how your gedanken relates to the real universe before it can be given any credibility.

People are dying every day in their fight for self determination - that is no illusion.
(*) the term Physics to me, includes all sciences including behavioral.
 
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The problem with that "solution" is that it is obviously false. The ability to do otherwise is a necessary and causal feature of the observed decision process.
exactly!
Maybe the decision itself is part of the "illusion" Sarkus is thinking of. No doubt he will claim this to be the case. But that is only if he continues to promote an irrefutable gedanken that is void of any reality to begin with.
 
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