Is Time Real? What Is Time?

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The concept of time, and thus "time" is derived from the ability of human beings to act.
Time therefore is only a limitation on life forms, and in reality simply does not exits.

So time exists because Life exists?
 
No he is saying only a living thing can perceive time, and now we are now delving into consciousness relation to time.
Ultimately our direct perception of how time works is limited by our primitive senses and intellect.
 
No he is saying only a living thing can perceive time, and now we are now delving into consciousness relation to time.
Ultimately our direct perception of how time works is limited by our primitive senses and intellect.

I am confused by this sentence:
<quote>
Time therefore is only a limitation on life forms, and in reality simply does not exits.
</quote>

Time does not really exists?
 
A SIGN OF THE SPACED OUT TYMES:
'Is There Really Time?' What is Time?'

---------------------------------------------------

The question of whether or not anything or consideration really exists is an endemically popular but hardly stimulating tonic for cynically industrious ennui.
A lot of seriously proffered equivocation occurs in glib denouncements of the existence of anything, particularly with regard to whatever spatial issue of 'truth': space and/or time.
As though Plato was not a student of Socrates, and that each and both of them did not long ago put to rest, the rasberry dispirited vanity of such allegedly 'unanswerable questions & unresolvable riddles'.

The discarding of 'reality' has long been a ploy for those who disdain the responsibility of recognizing and acknowledging it. Pythagorean geometry and pi r as well as E= MC squared would and do exist in fact, with or without anthropomorphic existence or realization. The physical universe is as indifferent to humanity as the mathematics and philosophy that irrevocably and eternally prove 'truth', whether or not idle individuals deign to acknowledge such realities - such eternal trutns - or not...

The following may not be the last word on the superfluous question of whether or not there is anything at all - perhaps most popularly riddled and fiddled with regarding the issue of time (the interval in space between two or more events), otherwise accounted for in the following, however unfortunately necessary qualification, evoking the placement of same in two different locations on the Science Forum. Justifying its redundancy, by popular demand from either - and both pro and con - schools of being and nothingness, for which many other sincere amateur and professional scientists and philosophers may only be grateful, if not occasionally humbled.

Whereas, those who are immune to humility in solemn and joyous issues of reality at large: may they find facts transcending personal nemesis, megalomania, control freakism and/or ego syntonic narcissim in the following inevitable, though notably rare - patently inescapable - existential, ontological and impersonal observation:

"A WORD ABOUT SIGNS OF THE TIMES.
A Disinformational Tyme Of The Signs:

"Time is a hallucination purveyed by the inventors of space."

- A (popularly deluded UNREALITY INDUSTRY Sponsored)
unglued bumpersticker mentality.
- By K B Robertson )

THE (Stubborn) MYTHOLOGY OF ARBITRARY ('Who knows?') SPACE & TIME:

The present standard of measurement for space is said to have been determined by a King who extended his arm and hand and pronounced that the distance between the tip of his nose to the end of his index finger would henceforth be the definitional standard, now called a 'yard'.
Divisible into three feet. Each foot divisible into 12 inches, each inch divisible into innumerable sub-divisions...

This (unarguably) capricious determination of the value of space, unfortunately brought about a misunderstanding that the existence and/or value of time is likewise arbitrary (a 'human invention') - just as the - above described - value of space was determined by arbitrary means.

Whereas, space - what we have only recently learned to be inseparable from time; philologically evolving from 'space and time', to 'space-time', would still in fact exist, whether humans existed, to observe, measure or ambivalently standardize it or not (There are arguments that there is no universe before a given person arrives here and there will be no universe when such an argumentive person leaves. Such contenders are bonkers of course).

(Moving Right Along. Racing & weaving through and between the spacing.)

The formal definition of time is synonymous with motion, and conversely.

Motion occurs in space; within which space-time is the interval between two or more events. The reason Einstein modified Newtonian Classic Mechanical translation of 'Time and Space', to the Relativistic expression of space-time.

There cannot be time without space, nor conversely - much as there is no magnetism without electricity, or electricity without magnetism: therefore equals electromagnetism. (Monopoles - electricity or magnetism independent of <non concurrent with> the other, have yet to be found or proven. The same is true of 'particles', 'black holes', the 'big bang theory', and bastardized thermodynamic interpretations lurching to the myth of an 'inevitable', 'universal entropic heat death'...)

"Time is a hallucination purveyed by the inventors of space."
- A (popularly deluded) bubble gum sticker mentality. Part II

Actually: terrestrial time standards (as a down-to-earth example) are based on astronomical motions of the planet(s) through space around the sun.

A planetary year equals its completion of a 360 degree arc - round trip - about the sun (Which, itself is bound toward Vega).

An earth month of 30 days is 1/12th of a year.

A week is 1/4th of that month.

A day is 1/7th of that week.

An hour is 1/24th of a day.

A minute is 1/60th of an hour.

A second is 1/60th of a minute...

Consequently, a second of time - for unavoidable (ho hum) example - is also 18 1/2 miles of space: traveled by the earth, in its annual orbit around the sun.

A 24 hour day is based on the rotational motion of the earth on it's own axis. The circumference of the earth is just over 24,000 miles; that is how fast the earth is spinning - per hour. Proving very simply and elegantly that space, time and motion are synonymous - no singular facet of this triangular consideration existing without the 'other two'...

Time has come today from the past to the present and future. ABC, Moments 1, 2, 3; etceteras, squared...

Einstein's 'Non-Absolute Relativistic 4-D space-time.'
What it is:
Time, furthermore, in 4 dimensions, is shorter and faster in smaller, past (microcosmic) spaces. and, slower (dilated) in future (macrocosmic) larger spaces; when compared to present time at any given moment of an observer in the eternal present: exactly between small-fast-space and large-slow - space.
IN a 4-dimensional (physically expanding universe) a *square mile is not the same spatial size, when compared with itself; from the present: relative to (smaller, more dense) past or (larger, less dense) future 4-D expanding physical matter, and (causing the observed - non 'big bang' initiated - expansion of space (Hubbles expanding - 'red shift' -Universe.)

Neither therefore, is 60 *miles per hour (or 186,282 m.p.s. - the speed of light; 'celeritas constant) always the same relative speed. Nor is a year, month, week, day, hour or second, always the same comparative duration in the Present ( when compared with itself) in the physically expanding universe's Past or Future.

Proving among other things that the value of time varies with the value of space it occurs in.

Refer (the cause of) relativistic 'time dilation.' And relativistic 'non-absolute time'.
Slow time occurring in relatively larger spaces; fast time occurring in relatively smaller spaces.
The relativity of time values.
For which, until here and now, there are not even any failed explanations.

In a 4-D (physically as well as spatially expanding) universe, the value of time and space (4-D space-time) inevitably varies, from coordinate system to coordinate system.

The speed of light for example, is ever-increasing, while remaining constant: relative to the coordinate system in which it originates and from which it is measured.
The value of time being covariant with the smaller and larger - earlier and later - 4-D space-times it occurs and/or is measured in."

- Updated Excerpt from, GRAVITY IS THE 4th space-time DIMENSION:
Electricity Is The 5th Dimension, Magnetism is the 6th Dimension
(The Reinstatement Of Einstein's Presently Abandoned <Steady State>
Unified Field, w'out Mathematics.) - by K B Robertson,
Copyrights, '59, '60. '66, '70, '75, '79, '85, '88 & '99.
(Website URL http://forums.delphiforums.com/EinsteinGroupie
Condensed from 627 pages. http://forums.delphiforums.com/kaiduorkhon)

Thank you for reading this missive.

Vini Vici Entiendo
(Hay Uno Dio Quien Es Alma Siempre)


Time is energy.
Time is money.
Money is energy.
We are energy.

If you want to be precise. Also time is not linear, and electrons are non-local, which means everywhere at once, and can also become waves because electrons are not particles and therefore have no mass.
 
I am confused by this sentence:
<quote>
Time therefore is only a limitation on life forms, and in reality simply does not exits.
</quote>

Time does not really exists?

Time is just the movement of kinetic energy, if you walk from point A to B, it costs kinetic energy, and the amount of energy you use decides how much time it takes. Thus a rocket ship can fly to the moon quicker when you apply more energy to the launch, including brain power in the design of the ship itself. We have found, that the energy of the brain, allows us to transmit information across the universe, by entanglement of electrons, and this is simply a result of human brain energy. Imagine now, what some aliens might be able to do if their brains are more efficient than ours? Imagine what we will be able to do once we develop quantum computers and the ability to be in multiple places in the universe at once? If we reach a point where we can be, as an entity, even if just as a thought/consciousness, in two places at once, thats when we can finally say we have broken time. Quantum computers has us almost there, one step closer to a universe quantum internet, which could become a universal web of consciousness, and we might be able to upload or download from all conscious lifeforms in the universe someday just like we upload or download from each others computers.

So the keys to remember

1. Quantum Computers
2. Universe Quantum Internet
3. Universal Quantum Web
4. Quantum Entanglement
 
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Time..... doesn't exists. In the final frontier there won't be any time, just days...long forever lasting days.. It will be ultimate prison.......no escape. I wish it would be pleasent.:(
 
But how did the Universe came to be without Time?

How does Universe work without Time?

If there is no time why anything Exists at all?

It was always here. There is no beginning and end, just a constantly changing state of energy organization.
 
It was always here. There is no beginning and end, just a constantly changing state of energy organization.

How so? We know that Universe has a begining. The Universe is 13.7 Billion years old?

And that it is exapanding.

And that it will freez to death due to 2nd law of thermo dynamics.

So how will be constantly changing? since there won't be any energy left to change?
 
How so? We know that Universe has a begining. The Universe is 13.7 Billion years old?

And that it is exapanding.

And that it will freez to death due to 2nd law of thermo dynamics.

So how will be constantly changing? since there won't be any energy left to change?

Don't listen to TT if you want understanding. He just makes up scientific-sounding stuff to support his strange religion.

Time is just a measuring tool. What does it measure? The changing states of a system.

You will hear a lot of people say that time is motion, but that isn't completely true. Time is just change. An object could slowly change colors, with no movement, and we could talk about that change in state just as surely as we could with motion.

The question "does time exist?" is like asking "does height exist?". Of course it does. It is just a measurable thing. And it doesn't require a measurer (us) for it to exist, we just get to define the standards that suit our purposes (seconds, years, feet, meters).

And time is not infinite into the past. There were a finite number of discrete states leading up to our present one. There is no way we could have progressed through an infinite number of discrete states to get where we are "today". It is possible, however, for time to go on forever now that it has gotten a start.
 
Swivel - Post #32: "You will hear a lot of people say that time is motion".

The issued statement is not opinion. Standard (ST) physics has found time and motion to be synonymous for at least the last century. Time is motion and conversely, motion prevails everywhere, whether it is measured as the 'changing states of a system' or not; by whatever standards. This is not opinion, it is a scientific observation accompanied by a corresponding definition.
No known space is without motion, and no known motion is without space.
Amidst some interesting contributions to this thread are a series of declarative statements interchanging opinion for fact, and fact for opinion.
Meanwhile, one of the central conclusions prevails: Measurement of motion (is time) or its standard of measurement is irrelavant. Space-time is inseparable and ubiquitous. The would-be sanctuary - hiding place - of a (hypothetical) 'black hole' does not compromise this (theoretical) observation.

It's been questioned before, and for good reason:
Where was the collective mass of the alleged 'big bang', before it accumulated and exploded? Where was space-time before the alleged 'big bang' beginning'? Until further notice, these tractable questions are destined to continue traversing 'the beginning and/or the end' on an intractable mobius strip...

The challege is not to find and measure where-when space-time is, the challenge is to locate a condition where space-time does not exist. In such a condition, there is the complete absence of motion and there is no space within which an event can occur. Such condition of non motion and non space is said to be the final demise of the observed (allegedly 'big bang', 13.7 billion year originated) spatially expanding universe; the proposed 'stoppage' of motion said to be determined by the 2nd law of thermodynamics; in accordance with the so called 'big bang' theory (which is not a theory, but rather, an hypothesis - because there is no common center from which the alleged 'beginning explosion' expands).

Whereas, recent findings not only find the universe expanding, but also at an increasing - accelerating - rate of speed (these relatively new observations are unexpectedly accumulating).

This is not the signature of a big bang origination destined to disintegrate and 'stop'. It is the signature of a repelling force parallel to Newton's impelling force of gravity, but acting in the opposite direction. When the cause of spatial expansion is interpreted as originating with the expansion of physical matter itself, the abandoned Steady State theory is reinstated. (There is no contradiction of the law of conservation of mass-energy in the expansion of physical matter, it is the same amount of energy, increasingly expanding, over a greater amount of space, squared).

The seventh and eighth sentence of Swivel's above message #32:
"Time is just change. An object could slowly change colors, with no movement, and we could talk about that change in state as surely as we could with motion."
It is true for example that chameleons and octopi (for example) are able to change their colors.

Question: How does this 'change in state', this 'slow (or quick) change of color with no movement', occur, without qualified motion?
What specific example might Swivel offer? How does a change of color circumvent movement?
Swivel's presented 'slow change in color' occurs in time. Does Swivel imply that if the change in color occurs slowly enough, the slowness of change will exclude time? If a change in color were to occur instantaneously, what enivironmental continuum would this 'instanaeity' occur in? (Gene Rodenberry's proteges may find a scenario for this dilemmae?) The question remains, not where-when is space-time? The question remains, when-where is it not?

The first sentence of Swivel's closing paragraph disallows an infinite past ('And time is not infinite into the past'), while the last sentence of Swivel's last paragraph allows for 'time to go on forever now that it has gotten a start' - In this way, Swivel #32 concludes that there must be a beginnning of time, but there need not be any ending... (Swivel does not qualify his prohibition or his allowance)

Note that lote tree, of message #31, equates time with 'change'; whereas,
Swivel #32 separates the meaning of change from the meaning of time... A change without motion? Hopefully Swivel may clarify his word usages.

I have encountered several people who have proclaimed that they could resolve the issues reviewed here 'in no time', and (until further notice), they're still working (somewhere?) on the timeless resolution.
Thank you for reading this missive.
 
Don't listen to TT if you want understanding. He just makes up scientific-sounding stuff to support his strange religion.

Time is just a measuring tool. What does it measure? The changing states of a system.

You will hear a lot of people say that time is motion, but that isn't completely true. Time is just change. An object could slowly change colors, with no movement, and we could talk about that change in state just as surely as we could with motion.

The question "does time exist?" is like asking "does height exist?". Of course it does. It is just a measurable thing. And it doesn't require a measurer (us) for it to exist, we just get to define the standards that suit our purposes (seconds, years, feet, meters).

And time is not infinite into the past. There were a finite number of discrete states leading up to our present one. There is no way we could have progressed through an infinite number of discrete states to get where we are "today". It is possible, however, for time to go on forever now that it has gotten a start.

Einstien, as well as every physicist known to man says time is change. It's a fact, you can even look it up.

Why do you want to promote ignorance? Why do you want to hide what time really is?

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/time/

Time is change, period. You can rant on and on, about how everything I say seems religious, but nothing I say is without scientific foundation. When I speak of time as being change, it's because Einstien proved it. We went to the moon and proved it, calculus proves it, as does geometry. When you want to see how long it will take to get from point A to point B, there is a formula to allow you to know exactly how long it takes, this formula works because you can figure out exactly how much energy it will take, and energy is what creates velocity. In order to move through time, it requires energy. Movement through time is change, because time itself is change, the movement of energy.

An object that can change colors, has energy. Light travels in waves, the light from the sun often changes colors, and each color has a certain energy. We can capture this energy in the form of heat, and then turn heat into chemical, or kinetic, or electric. Energy is never created or destroyed, and energy is really the only thing that exists. The light itself is only seen because your eyes are seeing the energy it produces so when you say the light changes, what you are actually saying is that the energy shining on that object from the sun or some other source is changing. If I shine a flashlight on your face, from different angles, the generation of that light requires electricity. If I beam a chemical laster from here to there, it's transfering energy from here to there. The only reason matter can change at all is because of energy. Nothing changes without energy. You cannot move without energy, there is no movement without energy, there is no motion without energy, there is no time without energy, which means energy = time.

When we measure time we are measuring energy, not motion, but energy. This is how we can figure out how much energy it takes to get out of the earth atmosphere, we know because we know how much speed it will take and we know precisely how much velocity it takes to reach a certain speed. Basically with math and science, not religion, we've put shuttles into space, by calculating exactly how much energy it takes to get there and back, not time, energy. Time is artificual when used by itself, but when you use time to calculate, thats when it has meaning. Time is not constant, it's variable, the time it takes for you to get from here to across the universe, depends on energy efficiency. If you can design the proper space shuttle, or the proper technology that is efficient enough, you can travel at light speed or even beyond light speed. It's a matter of energy, and if you know anything about worm holes you know, that yes it's possible to travel faster than light, it's all a matter of solving the energy problem, which I actually don't think we will be able to easily solve but thats the problem.

How much energy would it take for us to entangle a probe from here to across the universe? It's possible, because we have entangled photons, and atoms. If you doubt me, check Google and see. If you doubt the physics of my claims, check Google, point out every article you can find that shows me and the others that I'm wrong.


You might not like how I word it because I simplify it down so people who are not quantum physicists can understand what time is, but thats what a philosopher does, we take complex ideas and simplify them down so that they can be understood. If you think complexity for the sake of complexity is good, just to show off how smart you are, that in my opinion is pointless.

So instead of your very weak attempt to discredit my words. Offer some evidence to disprove anything I've written. If all you can do is complain and say "Don't listen to TT, he's religious", well thats like me saying "Don't listen to swivel, he's an athiest", and neither of us get anywhere. So let's hear your arguement, whats time?

How so? We know that Universe has a begining. The Universe is 13.7 Billion years old?

And that it is exapanding.

And that it will freez to death due to 2nd law of thermo dynamics.

So how will be constantly changing? since there won't be any energy left to change?

We don't know that the universe ever had a beginning. We know that the universe in this form had a beginning. If the universe always existed, changing forms forever, there was no beginning.
Before particles were arranged in this way to create matter, the universe still existed because the energy existed before there was matter. The big bang was not the beginning of time, or the beginning of energy, or the beginning of space, it was the beginning of the self organization of matter.

At the point of the big bang, atoms, electrons, etc, started to take form, and this density created what we'd consider mass, but if the theories on string net liquid or string theory are correct, this is not the only dimension, this is not the only type of matter, and energy itself therefore would not be restricted to following the rules of physics as we know them. So the big bang theory was a big change but I don't think it's proof that space wasnt always here, it's proof that matter wasnt always in space. If we can prove that there is energy in the void of space itself, that proves that the universe itself is just organized energy and was always here because it's a fact that energy is never created or destroyed. The big bang could not have created energy from nothing, that energy had to come from somewhere else, even if just from another dimension, or another type of matter, or another universe, it was always here. Sorta like how you can go from a point, to a line, to a square, to a cube, to spacetime, to this string liquid net or quantum entanglement stuff, it keeps increasing in complexity the more we are aware of it.

So no, I'm not saying big bang theory is religion anymore than I'd say string theory is religion, but it's not something to just assume is the only theory of the universe, it's one you've selected, and some of us follow other theories that are based on equally accurate science and math but come to different conclusions.
 
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Swivel - Post #32: "You will hear a lot of people say that time is motion".

The issued statement is not opinion. Standard (ST) physics has found time and motion to be synonymous for at least the last century. Time is motion and conversely, motion prevails everywhere, whether it is measured as the 'changing states of a system' or not; by whatever standards. This is not opinion, it is a scientific observation accompanied by a corresponding definition.
No known space is without motion, and no known motion is without space.
Amidst some interesting contributions to this thread are a series of declarative statements interchanging opinion for fact, and fact for opinion.
Meanwhile, one of the central conclusions prevails: Measurement of motion (is time) or its standard of measurement is irrelavant. Space-time is inseparable and ubiquitous. The would-be sanctuary - hiding place - of a (hypothetical) 'black hole' does not compromise this (theoretical) observation.

It's been questioned before, and for good reason:
Where was the collective mass of the alleged 'big bang', before it accumulated and exploded? Where was space-time before the alleged 'big bang' beginning'? Until further notice, these tractable questions are destined to continue traversing 'the beginning and/or the end' on an intractable mobius strip...

The challege is not to find and measure where-when space-time is, the challenge is to locate a condition where space-time does not exist. In such a condition, there is the complete absence of motion and there is no space within which an event can occur. Such condition of non motion and non space is said to be the final demise of the observed (allegedly 'big bang', 13.7 billion year originated) spatially expanding universe; the proposed 'stoppage' of motion said to be determined by the 2nd law of thermodynamics; in accordance with the so called 'big bang' theory (which is not a theory, but rather, an hypothesis - because there is no common center from which the alleged 'beginning explosion' expands).

Whereas, recent findings not only find the universe expanding, but also at an increasing - accelerating - rate of speed (these relatively new observations are unexpectedly accumulating).

This is not the signature of a big bang origination destined to disintegrate and 'stop'. It is the signature of a repelling force parallel to Newton's impelling force of gravity, but acting in the opposite direction. When the cause of spatial expansion is interpreted as originating with the expansion of physical matter itself, the abandoned Steady State theory is reinstated. (There is no contradiction of the law of conservation of mass-energy in the expansion of physical matter, it is the same amount of energy, increasingly expanding, over a greater amount of space, squared).

The seventh and eighth sentence of Swivel's above message #32:
"Time is just change. An object could slowly change colors, with no movement, and we could talk about that change in state as surely as we could with motion."
It is true for example that chameleons and octopi (for example) are able to change their colors.

Question: How does this 'change in state', this 'slow (or quick) change of color with no movement', occur, without qualified motion?
What specific example might Swivel offer? How does a change of color circumvent movement?
Swivel's presented 'slow change in color' occurs in time. Does Swivel imply that if the change in color occurs slowly enough, the slowness of change will exclude time? If a change in color were to occur instantaneously, what enivironmental continuum would this 'instanaeity' occur in? (Gene Rodenberry's proteges may find a scenario for this dilemmae?) The question remains, not where-when is space-time? The question remains, when-where is it not?

The first sentence of Swivel's closing paragraph disallows an infinite past ('And time is not infinite into the past'), while the last sentence of Swivel's last paragraph allows for 'time to go on forever now that it has gotten a start' - In this way, Swivel #32 concludes that there must be a beginnning of time, but there need not be any ending... (Swivel does not qualify his prohibition or his allowance)

Note that lote tree, of message #31, equates time with 'change'; whereas,
Swivel #32 separates the meaning of change from the meaning of time... A change without motion? Hopefully Swivel may clarify his word usages.

I have encountered several people who have proclaimed that they could resolve the issues reviewed here 'in no time', and (until further notice), they're still working (somewhere?) on the timeless resolution.
Thank you for reading this missive.



What you said proves my point. Time is energy, and energy is everywhere, including in the void.
The only thing we have not figured out what it is yet, is gravity.

The newest theory, says the universe is a string-net liquid, this would explain how time would be energy, and be everywhere. The problem is, it does not explain gravity, it's not a perfect theory because of that, but it explains more than the folks who like claim that all of string theory is just religion, and therefore fake.

I mean if you are going to complain about string theory, or any of these theories, or my philosophical interpretations of these theories, PLEASE offer an alternative theory, because if you only call the scientists who invent the theories religious, because it was not athiests who invented it, how does this further debate or benefit scientific process?

The universe is a string-net liquid

In 1998, just after he won a share of the Nobel prize for physics, Robert Laughlin of Stanford University in California was asked how his discovery of "particles" with fractional charge, now called quasi-particles, would affect the lives of ordinary people. "It probably won't," he said, "unless people are concerned about how the universe works."

Well, people were. Xiao-Gang Wen at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Michael Levin at Harvard University ran with Laughlin's ideas and have come up with a prediction for a new state of matter, and even a tantalising picture of the nature of space-time itself. Levin presented their work at the Topological Quantum Computing conference at the University of California, Los Angeles, early this month.

The first hint that a new type of matter may exist came in 1983. "Twenty five years ago we thought we understood everything about how matter changes phase," says Wen. "Then along came an experiment that opened up a whole new world."

In the experiment, electrons moving in the interface between two semiconductors behaved as though they were made up of particles with only a fraction of the electron's charge. This so-called fractional quantum hall effect (FQHE) suggested that electrons may not be elementary particles after all. However, it soon became clear that electrons under certain conditions can congregate in a way that gives them the illusion of having fractional charge - an explanation that earned Laughlin, Horst Störmer and Daniel Tsui the Nobel prize (New Scientist, 31 January 1998, p 36).

Wen suspected that the effect could be an example of a new type of matter. Different phases of matter are characterised by the way their atoms are organised. In a liquid, for instance, atoms are randomly distributed, whereas atoms in a solid are rigidly positioned in a lattice. FQHE systems are different. "If you take a snapshot of the position of electrons in an FQHE system they appear random and you think you have a liquid," says Wen. But step back, and you see that, unlike in a liquid, the electrons dance around each other in well-defined steps.
“The position of the electrons in this material appears random like in a liquid, but they also move in well-defined steps”

It is as if the electrons are entangled. Today, physicists use the term to describe a property in quantum mechanics in which particles can be linked despite being separated by great distances. Wen speculated that FQHE systems represented a state of matter in which entanglement was an intrinsic property, with particles tied to each other in a complicated manner across the entire material.

This led Wen and Levin to the idea that there may be a different way of thinking about matter. What if electrons were not really elementary, but were formed at the ends of long "strings" of other, fundamental particles? They formulated a model in which such strings are free to move "like noodles in a soup" and weave together into huge "string-nets".
“What if electrons were not elementary, but were formed at the ends of long strings of other, fundamental particles?”
Light and matter unified

The pair ran simulations to see if their string-nets could give rise to conventional particles and fractionally charged quasi-particles. They did. They also found something even more surprising. As the net of strings vibrated, it produced a wave that behaved according to a very familiar set of laws - Maxwell's equations, which describe the behaviour of light. "A hundred and fifty years after Maxwell wrote them down, here they emerged by accident," says Wen.

That wasn't all. They found that their model naturally gave rise to other elementary particles, such as quarks, which make up protons and neutrons, and the particles responsible for some of the fundamental forces, such as gluons and the W and Z bosons.

From this, the researchers made another leap. Could the entire universe be modelled in a similar way? "Suddenly we realised, maybe the vacuum of our whole universe is a string-net liquid," says Wen. "It would provide a unified explanation of how both light and matter arise." So in their theory elementary particles are not the fundamental building blocks of matter. Instead, they emerge from the deeper structure of the non-empty vacuum of space-time.

"Wen and Levin's theory is really beautiful stuff," says Michael Freedman, 1986 winner of the Fields medal, the highest prize in mathematics, and a quantum computing specialist at Microsoft Station Q at the University of California, Santa Barbara. "I admire their approach, which is to be suspicious of anything - electrons, photons, Maxwell's equations - that everyone else accepts as fundamental."

Other theories that try to explain the same phenomena abound, of course; Wen and Levin realise that the burden of proof is on them. It may not be far off. Their model predicts specific arrangements of atoms in the new state of matter, which they dub the "string-net liquid", and Joel Helton's group at MIT might have found it.

Helton was aware of Wen's work and decided to look for such materials. Trawling through geology journals, his team spotted a candidate - a dark green crystal that geologists stumbled across in the mountains of Chile in 1972. "The geologists named it after a mineralogist they really admired, Herbert Smith, labelled it and put it to one side," says team member Young Lee. "They didn't realise the potential herbertsmithite would have for physicists years later."

Herbertsmithite (pictured) is unusual because its electrons are arranged in a triangular lattice. Normally, electrons prefer to line up so that their spins are in the opposite direction to that of their immediate neighbours, but in a triangle this is impossible - there will always be neighbouring electrons spinning in the same direction. Wen and Levin's model shows that such a system would be a string-net liquid.

Although herbertsmithite exists in nature, the mineral contains impurities that disrupt any string-net signatures, says Lee. So Helton's team made a pure sample in the lab. "It was painstaking," says Lee. "It took us a full year to prepare it and another year to analyse it."

The team measured the degree of magnetisation in the material, in response to an applied magnetic field. If herbertsmithite behaves like ordinary matter, they argue, then below about 26 °C the spins of its electrons should stop fluctuating - a condition called magnetic order. But the team found no such transition, even down to just a fraction above absolute zero.

They measured other properties, too, such as heat conduction. In conventional solids, the relationship between their temperature and their ability to conduct heat changes below a certain temperature, because the structure of the material changes. The team found no sign of such a transition in herbertsmithite, suggesting that, unlike other types of matter, its lowest energy state has no discernible order. "We could have created something in the lab that nobody has seen before," says Lee.

The team plans further tests to visualise the position of individual electrons, looking for long-range entanglement by firing neutrons at the crystal and observing how they scatter. "We want to see the dynamics of the spin," says Lee. "If we tweak one [electron], we can see how the others are affected."

This intrigues Paul Fendley, a quantum computing specialist at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville (see "Silicon for a quantum age"). "It's reasonable to hope that we are seeing something exotic here," he says. "People are getting very excited about this."

Even if herbertsmithite is not a new state of matter, we shouldn't be surprised if one is found soon, as many teams are hunting for them, says Freedman. He says people wrongly assume that particle accelerators are the only places where big discoveries about matter can be made. "Accelerators are just recreating conditions after the big bang and repeating experiments that are old hat for the universe," he says. "But in labs people are creating [conditions] that are colder than anywhere that has ever existed in the universe. We are bound to stumble on something the universe has never seen before."
From issue 2595 of New Scientist magazine, 15 March 2007, page 8-9
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19325954.200-the-universe-is-a-stringnet-liquid.html
To people who say my ideas on philosophy is wrong, do you also conclude that this theory is complete bullshit? I admit, string theory has yet to be proven, but it makes so much sense, the math all works, the physics all work, the best super computers did simulations which all worked, and there are predictions.

If these theories are wrong, then how do the people who do not believe in string theory, explain quantum entanglement, or the fact that electrons arent even particles? I need answers, and if the only people providing these answers are religious, I'll take religious answers over athiests claiming it's unanswerable, or that we just don't or can't know.
 
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It was always here. There is no beginning and end, just a constantly changing state of energy organization.

TimeTraveller,

In response that post I have asked you - how do you explain the BigBang, Current Expansion of the Universe leading to freezing death of the Universe in which there would not be any Energy left to change anything?

Also you are now Equating "Energy" with Time.

Energy is something I have always wanted to understand fully (and I have asked this very question in the Physics section and I will pursue this question fully there).

I have been given many answers to the question of Energy. I have been told that you can put "Energy" in a cup as a raw Energy. So what is Energy?
 
Einstien, as well as every physicist known to man says time is change. It's a fact, you can even look it up.

That's what I said. Your reading comprehension needs some work.

What I said was that time is a measure of the changes in state of a system. I have said this over and over in dozens of threads on sciforums.

My only point is that it is CHANGE of any sort, and not merely MOTION which gives us an opportunity to measure Time in a system. I gave the example of something changing color to demonstrate this. The object can be perfectly still, and the color change can be instantaneous, and you can measure elapsed time. Unlike the above poster, who confused everything I said, I do not equate a change in color with motion.
 
TimeTraveller,

In response that post I have asked you - how do you explain the BigBang, Current Expansion of the Universe leading to freezing death of the Universe in which there would not be any Energy left to change anything?

Also you are now Equating "Energy" with Time.

Energy is something I have always wanted to understand fully (and I have asked this very question in the Physics section and I will pursue this question fully there).

I have been given many answers to the question of Energy. I have been told that you can put "Energy" in a cup as a raw Energy. So what is Energy?

sorry corrections - you CAN'T put energy in a cup...it meant to say...
 
TimeTraveller,

In response that post I have asked you - how do you explain the BigBang, Current Expansion of the Universe leading to freezing death of the Universe in which there would not be any Energy left to change anything?

Also you are now Equating "Energy" with Time.

Energy is something I have always wanted to understand fully (and I have asked this very question in the Physics section and I will pursue this question fully there).

I have been given many answers to the question of Energy. I have been told that you can put "Energy" in a cup as a raw Energy. So what is Energy?


The universe does not "die" when you freeze it. Did you not read about the experiment where they froze electrons to near absolute zero, colder than any thing the universe typically would generate, and it had no influence on the electrons?

The team measured the degree of magnetisation in the material, in response to an applied magnetic field. If herbertsmithite behaves like ordinary matter, they argue, then below about 26 °C the spins of its electrons should stop fluctuating - a condition called magnetic order. But the team found no such transition, even down to just a fraction above absolute zero.

Electrons are NOT particles, so heat and cold seems to have no effect on them at all. Electrons also have been known to go into wave states when in a double slit experiment. The best we can figure out is, that electrons are like liquid matter, or at least thats the best I can describe it to you based on the string-net liquid theory. Liquid becomes solid when cold and then to liquid and then to gas, but it always exists no matter what the temperature is. I don't see how energy itself would cease to exist just because the temperature cooled, although cooling of the universe might slow things down a bit.

What I'm saying is, in order for the universe to die, according to my philosophy and theories, the death of the universe occurs when there are no observers left to obeserve matter into existence. I don't think deep freeze or any of that stuff you mention would result in the death of the universe as long as theres still observers present. It would just be another set of changes, which would cause more changes, essentially forever, without end, because change is energy itself, and no matter what state you put it in, it still exists.

You can make light cold enough to freeze light, you can turn electrons into waves or particles, and get this, the real state of matter is pure energy, and it's in all possible locations at once, this includes all possible futures at once, already are in existence in energy. The fact that someone thought of the possibility of the freeze or death of the universe, has changed the arrangement of energy in the universe. I don't think the freeze will happen for many reasons, but the main reason I don't think it will happen is because I don't think theres just one dimension. What I'm saying is, it's just as possible that we are in a multiverse, a smaller dimension of a bigger universe, it might be that just like we can zoom into the quantum and see all this stuff, we might also be the quantum for something else, and if thats the case, the freezing as you call it would not be the end of the multiverse or the death of this universe, the death of the universe comes when there is no longer any observer, or any awareness in the universe. Try to grasp the concept of infinite numbers, then you can grasp the concept of infinite space, infinite energy, infinite possibilities, infinite universes, in that context, one universe is also in a transition into the next universe as the observers discover greater complexity and observe higher dimensions into existence. Just like atoms organized to form lifeforms, and lifeforms organize into eco-systems on planets, and then discover quantum entanglement which allows these lifeforms to communicate without the restriction of the laws of physics.

This is because, the universe itself is just organized information, the complexity changes, but there is no evidence that a big crunch, or deep freeze will kill the universe because there is no evidence that the observers are restricted into one form of matter. Perfect examlpe, if we discover a completely new form of matter that does not obey any of the laws of physics, and this form of matter is some sort of liquid solid gas all combined, that alone would change our concept of what matter is, and thats just the beginning, if we find out that on some levels all existence is this one unlimited pool of liquid matter/energy, that too would change things. It's really simple, the deep freeze will never happen because lifeforms advanced enough and made of exotic forms of matter, could literally phase in and out of the laws of physics as we know them.

Try to imagine what it would be like if you could collapse yourself down to such a level that you can literally be in two places at once, like an electron. To you, there would no longer be a such thing as distance, you'd be in a state of eternal timelessness, but to everything that is not an electron, like the atoms etc, they'd be worried about the deep freeze, and the death of the universe, while you'd just be able to turn into a wave, or go into a new form of matter. Honestly, I'm trying my best to interpret what this string-net theory might mean, but it's too new to actually give it a good explaination, just study the websites on it, read up on it, and then when we are both well informed we can discuss how to compare it to big bang theories and the death of the universe theories.


The expansion of the universe is "size", and "size" is what helps create matter as we know it, it's more like, atoms arrange in a specific way, with electrons and other particles, and this arrangement creates a magnetic field around the object. Nothing is solid, the entire universe is liquid, but it seems solid and filled with forms because of the magnetic fields around it. So you don't actually touch matter, what you actually do is manipulate the magnetic fields, which manipulates the arrangment of the particles or atoms, the energy is everywhere, to the point where it's existence itself, thats why it's hard to grasp what it is. When you ask a person what is existence, very few people will admit that it's energy, but thats really all this universe is, no matter what form it's in, in fact I'd say form only exists because of the big bang and because of the expansion of the universe and without that, the energy would still be here, but it would be a formless place, a void of gasses, particles, and things you see in the quantum, that was existence before the big bang, it was all the quantum.
 
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That's what I said. Your reading comprehension needs some work.

What I said was that time is a measure of the changes in state of a system. I have said this over and over in dozens of threads on sciforums.

My only point is that it is CHANGE of any sort, and not merely MOTION which gives us an opportunity to measure Time in a system. I gave the example of something changing color to demonstrate this. The object can be perfectly still, and the color change can be instantaneous, and you can measure elapsed time. Unlike the above poster, who confused everything I said, I do not equate a change in color with motion.

If we both agree on what time is, what's wrong with the phrase "Time is energy"? Is it the lack of complexity that bothers you?

It's really simple, it uses less words, and it has the exact same meaning as all the words you just said. So why not apply the most efficient use of kinetic energy when we communicate through syntax?

We often say time is money, simple phrase but everyone knows what it means, we also know for a fact that energy is money, so the conclusion that time is energy is the most logical conclusion for anyone who studies economics and physics.
 
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